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Berkeley COMPSCI 152 - Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer

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CS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a ComputerOverviewWhat is “Computer Architecture”Instruction Set Architecture (subset of Computer Arch.)Computer Architecture’s Changing DefinitionThe Instruction Set: a Critical InterfaceExample ISAs (Instruction Set Architectures)MIPS R3000 Instruction Set Architecture (Summary)OrganizationThe Big PictureSample Organization: It’s all about communicationWhat is “Computer Architecture”?Forces on Computer ArchitectureTechnologyTechnology => dramatic changePerformance TrendsProcessor Performance (SPEC)Applications and LanguagesMeasurement and EvaluationWhy do Computer Architecture?Computers in the News: New IBM TransistorComputers in the news: Tunneling Magnetic JunctionComputers in the News: Sony Playstation 2000Where are we going??Maybe even Quantum Computing: Use of “Spin”CS152: Course ContentCS152: So what's in it for me?Conceptual tool box?Course StructureTypical Lecture FormatCourse AdministrationCourse ExamsCourse WorkloadHomework Assignments and ProjectMy GoalProject/Lab SummaryGradingCourse ProblemsClass decides on penalties for cheating; staff enforcesProject Simulates Industrial EnvironmentThings We Hope You Will Learn from 152What you should know from 61C, 150Getting into CS 152Levels of Representation (61C Review)Levels of OrganizationExecution CycleThe SPARCstation 20The Underlying InterconnectProcessor and CachesMemoryInput and Output (I/O) DevicesStandard I/O DevicesHigh Speed I/O DevicesSlow Speed I/O DevicesSummary: It’s all about communicationSummary©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.1 1/22/03CS152Computer Architecture and EngineeringLecture 1Introduction and Five Components of a ComputerJanuary 22, 2003John Kubiatowicz (www.cs.berkeley.edu/~kubitron)lecture slides: http://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs152/1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.2Overview°Intro to Computer Architecture (30 minutes)°Administrative Matters (5 minutes)°Course Style, Philosophy and Structure (15 min)°Break (5 min)°Organization and Anatomy of a Computer (25) min)1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.3What is “Computer Architecture”Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture + Machine Organization + …..1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.4Instruction Set Architecture (subset of Computer Arch.)... the attributes of a [computing] system as seen by the programmer, i.e. the conceptual structure and functional behavior, as distinct from the organization of the data flows and controls the logic design, and the physical implementation. – Amdahl, Blaaw, and Brooks, 1964SOFTWARESOFTWARE-- Organization of Programmable Storage-- Data Types & Data Structures: Encodings & Representations-- Instruction Set -- Instruction Formats-- Modes of Addressing and Accessing Data Items and Instructions-- Exceptional Conditions1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.5°1950s to 1960s: Computer Architecture Course: Computer Arithmetic°1970s to mid 1980s: Computer Architecture Course: Instruction Set Design, especially ISA appropriate for compilers°1990s: Computer Architecture Course:Design of CPU, memory system, I/O system, Multiprocessors, Networks°2010s: Computer Architecture Course: Self adapting systems? Self organizing structures?DNA Systems/Quantum Computing?Computer Architecture’s Changing Definition1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.6The Instruction Set: a Critical Interfaceinstruction setsoftwarehardware1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.7Example ISAs (Instruction Set Architectures)°Digital Alpha (v1, v3) 1992-97°HP PA-RISC (v1.1, v2.0) 1986-96°Sun Sparc (v8, v9) 1987-95°SGI MIPS (MIPS I, II, III, IV, V) 1986-96°Intel (8086,80286,80386, 1978-96 80486,Pentium, MMX, ...)1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.8MIPS R3000 Instruction Set Architecture (Summary)°Instruction Categories•Load/Store•Computational•Jump and Branch•Floating Point-coprocessor•Memory Management•SpecialR0 - R31PCHILOOPOPOPrsrtrd sa functrsrtimmediatejump target3 Instruction Formats: all 32 bits wideRegistersQ: How many already familiar with MIPS ISA?1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.9OrganizationLogic Designer's ViewISA LevelFUs & Interconnect°Capabilities & Performance Characteristics of Principal Functional Units•(e.g., Registers, ALU, Shifters, Logic Units, ...)°Ways in which these components are interconnected°Information flows between components°Logic and means by which such information flow is controlled.°Choreography of FUs to realize the ISA°Register Transfer Level (RTL) Description1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.10The Big PictureControlDatapathMemoryProcessorInputOutput°Since 1946 all computers have had 5 components1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.11Sample Organization: It’s all about communication°All have interfaces & organizations°Um…. It’s the network stupid???!ProcCachesBussesMemoryI/O Devices:ControllersadaptersDisksDisplaysKeyboardsNetworksPentium III Chipset1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.12What is “Computer Architecture”?I/O systemInstr. Set Proc.CompilerOperatingSystemApplicationDigital DesignCircuit DesignInstruction Set ArchitectureFirmware°Coordination of many levels of abstraction°Under a rapidly changing set of forces°Design, Measurement, and EvaluationDatapath & Control Layout1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.13Forces on Computer ArchitectureComputerArchitectureTechnologyProgrammingLanguagesOperatingSystemsHistoryApplicationsCleverness1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.14i4004i8086i80386Pentiumi80486i80286SU MIPSR3010R4400R100001000100001000001000000100000001000000001965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005T ra nsisto rsi80x86M68KMIPSAlphaTechnology°In ~1985 the single-chip processor (32-bit) and the single-board computer emerged•=> workstations, personal computers, multiprocessors have been riding this wave since°In the 2002+ timeframe, these may well look like mainframes compared single-chip computer (maybe 2 chips) DRAMYear Size1980 64 Kb1983 256 Kb1986 1 Mb1989 4 Mb1992 16 Mb1996 64 Mb1999 256 Mb2002 1 GbuP-NameMicroprocessor Logic DensityDRAM chip capacity1/22/03 ©UCB Spring 2003CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.15Technology => dramatic


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Berkeley COMPSCI 152 - Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer

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