EE1411EE1411EECS141EE141EE141--Fall 2006Fall 2006Digital Integrated Digital Integrated CircuitsCircuitsTuThTuTh1111--12:3012:30150 GPP150 GPPInstructor: Borivoje NikolićEE1412EECS141What is this class all about?What is this class all about? Introduction to digital integrated circuits. CMOS devices and manufacturing technology. CMOS inverters and gates. Propagation delay, noise margins, and power dissipation. Combinational and sequential circuits. Timing and clocking. Arithmetic, interconnect, and memories. Design methodologies. What will you learn? Understanding, designing, and optimizing digital circuits with respect to different quality metrics: cost, speed, power dissipation, and reliability Practical design using state-of-the-art toolsEE1412EE1413EECS141Practical InformationPractical Information Instructor Prof. Borivoje Nikolic570 Cory Hall, 643-9297, bora@eecsOffice hours: Tu 1:30am-2:30pm, Th 2:00-3:00pm TAs: Karl Skucha, zyzhang@eecsOffice hours: Th 2-3pm, 353 Cory Albert Chang, ctsang@eecsOffice hours: F 1-2pm, 353 Cory Qingguo LiuOffice hours: M 2-3pm 353 Cory Web page: http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/ICDesign/EE141_f06/ EE1414EECS141Discussions and LabsDiscussions and Labs Discussion sessions M 9-10am, Qingguo Liu, 293 Cory M 5-6pm, Karl Skucha, 293 Cory F 2-3pm, Albert Chang, 293 Cory Same material in all sessions! Labs (353 Cory) M 3-6pm Tu 3-6pm Th 3-6pm F 3-6pm Please choose one lab session and stick with it!EE1413EE1415EECS141TAmtgMTWRF89101112123456Lab(Albert)353 CoryLab(Qingguo)353 CoryLab(Rotating)353 CoryOH(Bora)570 CoryDISC*(Albert)293 CoryDISC*(Qingguo)293 CoryLec(Bora)521 CoryProblemSets DueLec(Bora)521 Cory* Discussion sections will cover identical materialOH(Bora)570 CoryOH(Albert)353 CoryYour EECS141 WeekYour EECS141 WeekOH(Qingguo)353 CoryDISC*(Karl)293 CoryLab(Karl)353 CoryEE1416EECS141Class OrganizationClass Organization 10 Assignments One design project with three phases Labs: 5 software, 1 hardware 2 midterms, 1 final Midterm 1: Thursday, March 2, evening Midterm 2: Thursday, April 6, evening Final: Thursday, December 14, 5-8pmEE1414EE1417EECS141Some Important AnnouncementsSome Important Announcements Please don’t bring food/drinks to 353 Cory Please use the newsgroup for asking questions (ucb.class.ee141) Project is done in pairs Labs, homework is done individually Don’t even think about cheating!EE1418EECS141Grading PolicyGrading Policy Homeworks: 10% Labs: 10% Projects: 20% Midterms: 30% Final: 30%EE1415EE1419EECS141Class MaterialClass Material Textbook: “Digital Integrated Circuits – A Design Perspective”, 2nded, by J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, B. Nikolic Class notes: Web page Lab Reader:Available on the web page! Check web page for the availability of toolsEE14110EECS141The Web SiteThe Web Site Class and lecture notes Assignments and solutions Lab and project information Exams Many other goodies … The sole source of information http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/icdesign/eecs141_f06Print only what you need: Save a tree!EE1416EE14111EECS141SoftwareSoftware Cadence Industry standard Online tutorials We discontinued the use of MicroMagic in this class HSPICE for simulationEE14112EECS141Getting StartedGetting Started Assignment 1: Getting SPICE to work –see web-page Due next Tuesday, September 5, 5pm NO discussion sessions or labs this week. First discussion sessions in Week 2 First software lab in Week 3EE1417EE14113EECS141Digital Integrated CircuitsDigital Integrated Circuits Introduction: Issues in digital design The CMOS inverter Combinational logic structures Sequential logic gates Design methodologies Interconnect: R, L and C Timing Arithmetic building blocks Memories and array structuresEE14114EECS141IntroductionIntroduction Why is designing digital ICs different today than it was before? Will it change in future?EE1418EE14115EECS141The First ComputerThe First Computer The Babbage Difference Engine 25,000 parts cost: £17,470EE14116EECS141ENIAC ENIAC --The First Electronic Computer (1946)The First Electronic Computer (1946)EE1419EE14117EECS141The Transistor RevolutionThe Transistor RevolutionFirst transistorBell Labs, 1948EE14118EECS141The First Integrated Circuits The First Integrated Circuits Bipolar logic1960’sECL 3-input GateMotorola 1966EE14110EE14119EECS141Intel 4004 MicroprocessorIntel 4004 MicroprocessorIntel, 1971.2,300 transistors (12mm2)740 KHz operation (10μm PMOS technology)EE14120EECS141Intel Pentium 4 MicroprocessorIntel Pentium 4 MicroprocessorIntel, 2005.125,000,000 transistors (112mm2)3.8 GHz operation (90nm CMOS technology)EE14111EE14121EECS141Intel Core 2 MicroprocessorIntel Core 2 MicroprocessorIntel, 2006.291,000,000 transistors (143mm2)3 GHz operation (65nm CMOS technology)EE14122EECS141MooreMoore’’s Laws LawzIn 1965, Gordon Moore noted that the number of transistors on a chip doubled every 18 to 24 months. zHe made a prediction that semiconductor technology will double its effectiveness every 18 monthsEE14112EE14123EECS141MooreMoore’’s Laws Law16151413121110987654321019591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975LOG2 OF THE NUMBER OFCOMPONENTS PER INTEGRATED FUNCTIONElectronics, April 19, 1965.EE14124EECS141Evolution in ComplexityEvolution in ComplexityEE14113EE14125EECS141Transistor CountsTransistor CountsDoubles every 2 yearsTransistor Counts in Intel's Microprocessors0.0010.010.111010010001970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Transistors [in millions]4004800880808086808880286386DX486DX486DX4PentiumPentium ProPentium IIPentium MMXPentium IIIPentium 4ItaniumItanium IICore2EE14126EECS141FrequencyFrequencyHas been doublingevery 2 years, but is now slowing downFrequency Trends in Intel's Microprocessors0.11101001000100001970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Frequency [MHz]4004800880808086808880286386DX486DX486DX4PentiumPentium ProPentium IIPentium MMXPentium IIIPentium 4ItaniumItanium IICore2EE14114EE14127EECS141Power DissipationPower DissipationHas been > doublingevery 2 yearsHas to stay ~constantPower Trends in Intel's Microprocessors0.111010010001970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Power [W]4004800880808086808880286386DX486DXPentiumPentium ProPentium IIPentium IIIPentium 4ItaniumItanium IICore 2EE14128EECS141Power is a Major ProblemPower is
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