EE1411EE1411Tu-Th 9:30-11am203 McLaughlinEE141- Spring 2002Introduction to DigitalIntegrated CircuitsEE1412What is this class about?Introduction to digital integrated circuits.» CMOS devices and manufacturing technology.CMOS inverters and gates. Propagation delay,noise margins, and power dissipation. Sequentialcircuits. Arithmetic, interconnect, and memories.Programmable logic arrays. Designmethodologies.What will you learn?» Understanding, designing, and optimizing digitalcircuits with respect to different quality metrics:cost, speed, power dissipation, and reliabilityEE1412EE1413Digital Integrated CircuitsIntroduction: Issues in digital designThe CMOS inverterCombinational logic structuresSequential logic gates; timingArithmetic building blocksInterconnect: R, L and CMemories and array structuresDesign methodsEE1414Interludium: AdministrativiaInstructorJan M. [email protected] hours: 511 CoryTu 1-3pmEE1413EE1415The TA’s and ReaderDejan MarkovicDiscussion + [email protected] Hours: TBDHuifang QinDiscussion + [email protected] Hours: [email protected] Web-SiteClass and lecture notesAssignments and solutionsLab and project informationExamsMany other goodies …The sole source of informationhttp://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/ee141Save a tree!EE1414EE1417Class AdmissionClass is overenrolled» Class room only seats 65 + 15» But … videotaped» Also webcasted (http://webcast.berkeley.edu)Admission priorities» Graduating seniors» First-year grads» Juniors, other grads» Concurrent enrollmentMake sure your name is on the class roll!EE1418Discussions and LabsDiscussion sessions» We 9-10am, 293 Cory» We 2-3pm, 247 Cory» Pick any of the two (the are covering the same material)» One of them will be moved to another time slot (in 203McLaughlin)Labs (353 Cory)» Mo 9-12am»Tu2-5pm» Th 12:30-3:30pm» Pick the one that fits you the best (pending availability) andSTICK TO IT!EE1415EE1419Class Organization10 AssignmentsA couple of design projects (1 termproject)Labs: 6 software, 1 hardware2midterms,1final» Midterm 1: Tu, February 25, 6:30-8:00pm» Midterm 2: Tu, April 15, 6:30-8:00pm» Final: Tu. May 20, 8-11amEE14110Grading PolicyHomeworks: 10%Labs: 10%Projects: 20%Midterms: 30%Final: 30%EE1416EE14111Class MaterialTextbook: “Digital Integrated Circuits – ADesign Perspective,” 2ndEdition, by J.Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, and B. NikolicLab Reader:Available on the web page!Selected material will be made available from CopyCentralCheck web page for the availability of toolsEE14112SoftwareMicroMagic» Schematic editor: Sue» Layout editor: Max» Online documentation and tutorialsHSPICE and IRSIM for simulationEE1417EE14113Getting StartedAssignment 1: Getting SPICE to work –see web-pageNO discussion sessions or labs thisweek.First discussion sessions in Week 2First Software Lab in Week 3EE14114IntroductionWhy is designing digitalICs different today than itwas before?Will it change in future?EE1418EE14115The First ComputerThe BabbageDifference Engine(1832)25,000 partscost:£17,470EE14116ENIAC - The first electronic computer(1946)EE1419EE14117The Transistor RevolutionFirst transistorBell Labs, 1948EE14118The First Integrated CircuitsBipolar logic1960’sECL 3-input GateMotorola 1966EE14110EE14119Intel 4004 Micro-ProcessorEE14120Evolution in Transistor CountEE14111EE14121Intel Pentium (II) microprocessorEE14122Moore’s LawIn 1965, Gordon Moore noted that thenumber of transistors on a chip doubledevery 18 to 24 months.He made a prediction thatsemiconductor technology will double itseffectiveness every 18 monthsEE14112EE14123Moore’s Law16151413121110987654321019591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975LOG2OF THE NUMBER OFCOMPONENTS PER INTEGRATED FUNCTIONElectronics,April 19, 1965.EE14124Evolution in ComplexityEE14113EE14125Transistor Counts1,000,000100,00010,0001,0001010011975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010808680286i386i486Pentium®Pentium®ProK1 Billion1 BillionTransistorsTransistorsSource: IntelSource: IntelProjectedProjectedPentium®IIPentium®IIIEE14126Moore’s law in Microprocessors40048008808080858086286386486Pentium® procP60.0010.010.111010010001970 1980 1990 2000 2010YearTransistors (MT)2X growth in 1.96 years!Transistors on Lead Microprocessors double every 2 yearsS. BorkarEE14114EE14127Moore’s Law - Logic DensityShrinks and compactions meet density goalsNew micro-architectures drop densitySource: IntelPentium (R)Pentium Pro (R)486386i86011010010001.5µ1.5µ1.5µ1.5µ1.0µ1.0µ1.0µ1.0µ0.8µ0.8µ0.8µ0.8µ0.6µ0.6µ0.6µ0.6µ0.35µ0.35µ0.35µ0.35µ0.25µ0.25µ0.25µ0.25µ0.18µ0.18µ0.18µ0.18µ0.13µ0.13µ0.13µ0.13µLogic Density2x trendLogic Transistors/mm2Pentium II (R)EE14128DieSizeGrowth40048008808080858086286386486Pentium ® procP61101001970 1980 1990 2000 2010YearDie size (mm)~7% growth per year~2X growth in 10 yearsDie size grows by 14% to satisfy Moore’s LawS. BorkarEE14115EE14129FrequencyP6Pentium ® proc486386286808680858080800840040.11101001000100001970 1980 1990 2000 2010YearFrequency (Mhz)Lead Microprocessors frequency doubles every 2 yearsDoubles every2 yearsS. BorkarEE14130Processor Frequency Trend386486Pentium(R)Pentium Pro(R)Pentium(R)IIMPC750604+604601, 60321264S2126421164A2116421064A21066101001,00010,0001987198919911993199519971999200120032005Mhz110100Gate Delays/ ClockIntelIBM PowerPCDECGate delays/clockProcessor freqscales by 2X pergenerationFrequency doubles each generationNumber of gates/clock reduce by 25%V.De, S. BorkarISLPED’99EE14116EE14131PowerP6Pentium ® proc486386286808680858080800840040.11101001971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000YearPower (Watts)Lead Microprocessors power continues to increaseS. BorkarEE14132Processor Power386386486486Pentium(R)Pentium(R)MMXPentium Pro(R)Pentium II (R)1101001.5µ1.5µ1.5µ1.5µ 1µ1µ1µ1µ 0.8µ0.8µ0.8µ0.8µ 0.6µ0.6µ0.6µ0.6µ 0.35µ0.35µ0.35µ0.35µ 0.25µ0.25µ0.25µ0.25µ 0.18µ0.18µ0.18µ0.18µ 0.13µ0.13µ0.13µ0.13µMax Power (Watts)?Lead processor power increases every generationCompactions provide higher performance at lower powerSource: IntelEE14117EE14133Power will be a problem5KW18KW1.5KW500W40048008808080858086286386486Pentium® proc0.11101001000100001000001971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000 2004 2008YearPower
View Full Document
Unlocking...