1EE141 – Fall 2005Tu & Th 11-12:30203 McLaughlinDigital Integrated CircuitsEE141 2What is This Class About? Introduction to Digital Integrated Circuits• Introduction: Issues in digital design• CMOS devices and manufacturing technology• The CMOS inverter• Combinational logic structures• Propagation delay, noise margins, power• Sequential logic gates; timing• Arithmetic building blocks• Interconnect: R, L and C• Memories and array structures• Design methods2EE141 3What will You Learn? Understanding, designing, and optimizing digital circuits with respect to different quality metrics:• Power dissipation• Speed• ReliabilityEE141 4Interludium: AdministrativiaInstructorDejan [email protected] hours: 511 CoryWed 10:00-12:00pmKe LuDiscussion + [email protected] Hours: TBDLynn WangDiscussion + [email protected] Hours: TBDTAsReaderTBD3EE141 5The Web-Site Class and lecture notes Assignments and solutions Lab and project information Exams Many other goodies …The sole source of informationhttp://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/ee141Save a tree!EE141 6Class Admission The class is over-enrolled!• 72 enrolled, 30 waitlisted, 60 rejected Waitlist priority• Graduating seniors• Grad students (prelim)• Other grad students, Juniors We can accommodate ~75 studentsMake sure your name is on the class roll!4EE141 7Discussions and Labs Discussion sessions• Mo 1-2pm, 203 McLaughlin• Mo 5-6pm, 293 Cory• Pick any of the two (they are covering the same material) Labs (353 Cory)• Mo 3-6pm• Tu 3:30-6:30pm Æ class poll: move to Wed?• Th 3:30-6:30pm• Pick the one that fits you the best (pending availability) and STICK TO IT!EE141 8TAmtngProblemSets Due* Discussion sessions will cover identical materialYour EE141 Week at a GlanceMonTueWedThuFriLec(Dejan)203 McLaughlinLec(Dejan)203 McLaughlinOH(Dejan)511 CoryLab (Ke) 353 CoryDISC*(Lynn)293 CoryDISC*(Ke)203 McLaughlin910111212345 67Lab(Lynn/Ke)353 CoryLab(Lynn)353 CoryOH(TA1)TBDOH(TA2)TBD?5EE141 9Class Organization 9 homework assignments 2 design projects Labs: 5 software, 1 hardware Exams: 2 midterms, final• Midterm 1: Th October 6, 6:30-8:00pm • Midterm 2: Th November 10, 6:30-8:00pm• Final: Th December 15, 5-8pmEE141 10Grading Policy Homeworks: 10% Labs: 10% Projects: 20% Midterms: 30% Final: 30%6EE141 11Class Material Textbook: Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, by J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, B. Nikolic, 2ndEdition, (Prentice Hall 2002) Lab manuals• Available on the web-page Check web-page for the availability of toolshttp://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/ee141EE141 12Software Cadence software only!• Phased out the Micromagic software• Online documentation and tutorials HSPICE and IRSIM for simulation7EE141 13Getting Started Assignment 1: Getting SPICE to work • see web-page• also “The SPICE Book”, by A. Vladimirescu No discussion sessions or labs this week• First discussion sessions in Week 2• First software lab in Week 3EE141 – Fall 2005Lecture 1Introduction8EE141 15Introduction Why is designing digital ICs different today than it was before? Will it change in the future?EE141 16The First Computer (1832) The Babbage Difference Engine• 25,000 parts• cost: £17,4709EE141 17ENIAC – The First Electronic Computer (1946)EE141 18The Transistor RevolutionFirst transistorBell Labs (1948)10EE141 19The First Integrated Circuits Bipolar logic(1960’s)ECL 3-input GateMotorola (1966)EE141 20Intel 4004 Microprocessor (1971)2,300 transistors (12mm2)108 KHz operation (10µm)11EE141 21Evolution in Transistor CountEE141 22Intel Pentium4 MicroprocessorIntel (2000) 42 M transistors (217mm2)1.5 GHz operation (0.18µm)12EE141 23What Happened over 30 Years?42 M transistors1.5 GHz operation1971 20002,300 transistors108 KHz operation~15,000 xComparison (automotive): Travel from San Francisco to New York in 13 sec!EE141 24Moore’s Law In 1965, Gordon Moore noted that the number of transistors on a chip doubled every 18 to 24 months He made a prediction that semiconductor industry will double its effectiveness every 18 months13EE141 25Moore’s Law16151413121110987654321019591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975LOG2 OF THE NUMBER OFCOMPONENTS PER INTEGRATED FUNCTIONSource: Electronics, April 19, 1965.EE141 26Evolution in Complexity14EE141 27Microprocessor Examples Moore’s Law• Number of transistors• Logic density• Die size• Frequency• PowerEE141 2840048008808080858086 (P1)286 (P2)386 (P3)486 (P4)Pentium® (P5)Pentium Pro (P6)0.0010.010.111010010001970 1980 1990 2000 2010YearTransistors (MT)2X growth in 1.96 years!Transistors on Lead Microprocessors double every 2 yearsTransistors on Lead Microprocessors double every 2 yearsMoore’s Law in MicroprocessorsSource:S. Borkar(Intel)Pentium 415EE141 29Pentium (R)Pentium Pro (R) 486386i86011010010001.5µ1.0µ0.8µ0.6µ0.35µ0.25µ0.18µ0.13µLogic Density2x trendLogic Transistors/mm2Pentium II (R) Moore’s Law – Logic Density Shrinks and compactions meet density goals• New micro-architectures drop densitySource: IntelEE141 30Die Size Growth40048008808080858086286386486Pentium ®Pentium Pro1101001970 1980 1990 2000 2010YearDie size (mm)~7% growth per year~2X growth in 10 yearsDie size grows by 14% to satisfy Moore’s LawDie size grows by 14% to satisfy Moore’s LawSource:S. Borkar(Intel)16EE141 31FrequencyPentium ProPentium ®486386286808680858080800840040.11101001000100001970 1980 1990 2000 2010YearFrequency (Mhz)Doubles every2 yearsSource:S. Borkar(Intel)Lead Microprocessor frequency doubles every 2 yearsLead Microprocessor frequency doubles every 2 yearsPentium 4EE141 32386486Pentium(R)Pentium Pro(R)Pentium(R) IIMPC750604+604601, 60321264S2126421164A2116421064A21066101001,00010,0001987198919911993199519971999200120032005Mhz110100Gate Delays/ ClockIntelIBM Power PCDECGate delays/clockProcessor freq scales by 2X per generationProcessor Frequency TrendSource:V. De, S. BorkarISLPED’99 Frequency doubles each generation• Number of gates/clock reduce by 25%17EE141 33PowerPentium ProPentium ®486386286808680858080800840040.11101001971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000YearPower (Watts)Source:S. Borkar(Intel)Lead Microprocessor power continues to increaseLead Microprocessor power continues to increaseEE141 34Processor Power386386486486Pentium(R)Pentium(R)
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