FAD 2230 Test 2 Review Chapters 7 13 Chapter 7 Building Relationships A Single a person who has never married is divorced or is widowed about 4 of people never marry i There s a difference between being single by choice by circumstance I Types of Single a Voluntary Temporary Singles unmarried adults who may be delaying marriage while pursuing education or establishing a career most college students b Voluntary Stable Singles unmarried adults desiring a single unmarried lifestyle c Involuntary Temporary Single singles actively searching for a mate but unable to find a suitable one d Involuntary Stable Singles unmarried adults who can expect to be single for life even though they may not want to be II Friendships a Provide valuable support while single partnered aid in health companionship enhance self esteem b Female friendships more intimate closeness commitment c Male friendships less intimate actively focused d Cross sex friendships more common today than in past generations can be complicated with tensions harder to e Working class friendships on average lasted longer than those in the middle class maintain III Evolution of Dating a Calling b Dating young man visiting a woman s home early America occur in social settings outside of the home can occur in pairs or in groups i Provides fun recreation ii Offers companionship iii Allows intimacy iv Confers social status v Assists in mate selection vi Adolescence period of life between childhood adulthood committed couples who are living together but are not married c Cohabiting d Dating Script e Principle of Least Interest quality stability of relationships Waller IV Who do we date set of expectations around dating that differ somewhat for men women idea that unequal emotional involvement between romantic partners has implications for the a Homogamy b Propinquity c Pool of Eligible s people who are similar in characteristics such as ethnicity social class values geographic closeness a reason for homogamy the group of people from which we are able to choose mates V Cohabitation living with a romantic partner without being married increased drastically in last 50 years It s a sin It makes financial logistical sense We are getting married in a few months An alternative to marriage A testing ground for marriage A Views on Cohabitation 1 2 3 4 5 B Cohabitation is linked to 1 Relationships that don t last very long 2 More likely to have unhappy marriages 3 More likely to divorce C Reasons 1 Selection Effect 2 Spurious cohabitation divorce 3 Experience Effect characteristics of the person are more important than actual cohabitation when a relationship between 2 people is actually caused by a third variable explains relationship between the experience of one or more cohabitations is important VI Homosexual Relationships a Homosexual heterosexual couples are more alike than different b Homosexual couples receive less family support than heterosexual couples but received more friend support c Lesbian couples usually have the most equal least sexualized relationships out of all homosexual heterosexual couple types Chapter 8 Love Loving Relationships I Love a strong affection for one another arising out of kinship or personal ties attraction based on sexual desire affection based on admiration benevolence or common interests A Images of Love in History i Romantic love marriage were often not attached to each other ii Ancient Greek roman mythology didn t associate love with marriage love lust fantasy iii Early Christianity didn t associate love with marriage iv 12th century during the Middle Ages there were some precursors to our notion of romantic love in marriage a Courtly love poetic style of the Middle ages when poets or troubadours would write songs of unrequited love present them at the court of their aristocratic royal masters b Romantic love ideal love at first sight there is one true love for each person love conquers all beloved is nearly perfect we should marry for love B Feminization of Love i The process beginning in the 19th century in which love became associated with the private work of women in the home namely nurturing caring for family members ii Industrial Revolution men go to work experience the stresses of labor outside the home iii The home becomes a haven of rest for men women become the keepers of it Thus care giving domesticity begin to become evidence of love C Contemporary Ideas about Love i Romantic love type of love that is characterized by passion melodrama excitement which receives a lot of media attention partners long for each other ii Companionate Love type of love that grows over time based on strong commitment iii Limerance very intense emotions experienced during the early formation of attachment to an D Theoretical Perspectives on Love friendship trust individual their genetic material i Sociobiology an evolutionary theory that all humans have an instinctive impulse to pass on E Love as Attachment ii Biochemical Perspectives of Love theories that suggest humans are attracted to certain types of people at which point the brain releases natural chemicals that give us a rush we experience as sexual attraction smell eye contact touch i Attachment Theory a theory postulating that the way in which infants form attachments early in life will affect relationships throughout later life a Types of Attachment Children of warm i Secure Attachment an attachment type where infants feel safe when their mothers are out of sight result from having caring warm mothers they believe they will be back about 2 3 infants ii Anxious Ambivalent Attachment the attachment type where infants become nervous when their parents leave the room can show rejection when the parent returns mother is less iii Avoidant Attachment an attachment type when infants show little attachment to their primary parent b Types of Attachment Adults i Adult romantic relationships correspond to the infant attachments ii Secure anxious ambivalent avoidant attachments F Sternberg s Triangular Theory of Love love has 3 elements closeness sharing intense physical emotional drive decision to be in relationship Intimacy 1 2 Passion 3 Commitment Proposed 8 types of love based on combinations of 3 elements 1 Nonlove weak or no intimate passion commitment 2 Empty love strong commitment no intimacy or passion 3 Liking strong intimacy weak commitment passion 4 Infatuated love lots of passion little commitment intimacy 5 Companionate love high intimacy commitment no
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