1 10 2013 Chapter 1 How Do We Define Family Legal vs social science Definitions A relationship by blood marriage or affection in which member may Family cooperate economically may care for children and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group o Blood mom dad and siblings o Marriage husband wife o Affection best friends co workers pets Youngest children tend to stay close to family Other definitions of family 1 The family as a system moving through time A Carter Betty and MsGoldrick Monica describes family as people who have a shared history and a shared future They encompass 3 5 generations held together by blood legal and or historical ties p 1 2 Pauline Boss 2002 defined family as a continuing system of interacting persons bound together by processes of shared rituals and rules even more than by shared biology The Function of Families The family you were born into The family you make through marriage Nonrelatives whose bond are strong and intimate Family of Orientation Family of Procreation partnering and or parenthood Fictive Kin o Co workers o Pets Marriage recognize social and intimate bonds An institutional arrangement between persons to publically o Anthropologist William Stephens definition Socially legitimate sexual union Public announcement Undertaken with some idea of permanence Assumed with a more or less explicit marriage contract Regulation of Sexual Behavior Reproducing and Socializing children Property and Inheritance Economic Cooperation Care Warmth Protection and Intimacy Social Placement Status and Roles Linking Micro and Macro perspective on families a stable framework of social relationships that gives out Mircro level Social Structure interactions with other don t need to know for exam setting know relationships wit the rest of society know Macro level focus on interconnectedness of marriage families and intimate Focus on the individual and his or her interactions in a specific Families are Always Changing Marriage Patterns o Monogamy o Polygamy gender unspecified Patterns of Authority Marriage between one man and one woman a system that allows for more than one spouse at a time o Patriarchy A form of social organization in which the norm is that men have a natural right to be in positions of authority over women Men have authority Woman have to cook clean do laundry etc o Matriarchy the power and authority in society would be vested in women A form of social organizations in which the norm is that The expectation that power and authority are equally Women have authority o Egalitarian vested in men and woman Used today What most of class will use Patterns of Descent o Bilateral o Patrilineal sides of the family man s family line woman s family line o Matrilineal descent that can be traced through both male and female A descent pattern where lineage is traces through the A descent pattern where linage is traced through the The expectation that a newly married couple establishes a Residence Patterns don t need to know o Neolocal residence and lives there independently lives with men s family lives with women s family o Patrilocal o Matrilocal Families in Transition o Families in china o History of Family Life in the U S Family life in colonial America European Colonists Dependent on how Europe lived Colonial America African Americans and slavery Social Science Theory and Research Common Research Methods to study families o Survey o In depth interview o Experiment o Focus group o Observational Study o Secondary analysis Empirical Approach systematic collection and analysis of data An approach that answers questions through a Goals of Family Research o Describe some phenomena o Examine the factors that predict or are associated with some phenomena o Explain the cause and effect relationship or provide insight into why certain events do or do not occur Methods of Research o Survey a form of research that gathers information about attitudes or behaviors through the answers that give people possible answers Advantages Disadvantages Allow for generalization Open ended questions or fixed response Low return response rate Can be bias Expensive Time consuming o In depth interview o Experiment Advantages examines cause and effect relationships Access to cause and effect relationship Easily replicated Disadvantages Bias o Focus Group brought together Advantages Group interaction provides valuable insight Quick Inexpensive Disadvantages Setting is contrived People feel uncomfortable in groups for obtaining information from small groups of people a general framework explanation or tool used to understand and Theory describe the real life world o Help us make sense of the world Levels of analysis from Macro to Micro social inequality results in unequal resources resulting in the family as an institution and how it o Conflict o Structural functionalism functions to maintain its own needs and those of society inevitable conflict minority status especially women maximize rewards and control costs o Social Exchange o Feminism Family life as a rational exchange designed to investigation of family life as experience by those with Principle of Least Interest o Symbolic Interaction o Developmental Theory Family interaction governed by symbolic communication that defines reality Family life predicted my passage through normative stage and the accomplishment of corresponding tasks circular interactions among the system member resulting in functional or dysfunctional outcomes o Systems Theory 1 22 2013 Chapter 2 Socialization the link between private and experiences and social structure The hierarchical ranking of categories of people o Social Stratification within society Start off small but we are shaped by our culture Sex Gender and Patriarchy Gender Culturally and socially constructed difference between males and Biological difference between men and women and their role in Sex reproduction females found in the meanings beliefs and practices associated with femininity and masculinity Sex and Gender differences possessing both masculine and feminine traits in near o Androgyny equal proportion Gender Learning o Gender Socialization being male of female socialization o Agents of Socialization Parents prophecy Teaching the cultural norms associated with The primary groups responsible for gender differential treatment becomes a self fulfilling Toys Peers hidden curriculum encourages sex typed behavior books show boys as a leading characters and girls
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