Chapter 7: Marriage- Marriage Movement o Marriage- a legally and socially recognized relationship that includes sexual, economic, and social rights and responsibilities for partners o Covenant Marriage- you agree that you are not going to easily get divorced (2nd Busch administration) Different than a normal marriage Cannot legally divorce for at least a year which you must go to counseling Available in 3 stateso Colonial America- the wives had no legal rights o Industrial Revolution- women have the right to vote, extended family, women are beginning to worko Marriage Movement- the activities of a group of some religious leaders, marriage and family therapists, and government leaders who hope to influence public policy to promote and strengthen traditional marriage - What is Happening to Marriage Today?o Marital Decline Perspective- the view that the institution of marriage is increasingly being threatened by hedonistic (personal pleasure) pursuits of personal happiness at the expense of long-term commitment o Marital Resilience Perspective- the view that overall, marriage is noweaker than in the past, but that all families need an increase in structural supports over time o Delayed Marriage o Homogamous v. Heterogamous Homogamous Marriage- a type of marriage in which spouses share certain social characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, education, age, and social class Heterogamous Marriage- a type of marriage in which spouses do not share certain social characteristics such as race,ethnicity, religion, education, age, and social class Interracial Marriage- a type of marriage in which spouses come from different racial groups Antimiscegenation Laws- laws forbidding interracial marriage, which existed at the state level until 1967 Interethnic Marriage- a type of marriage in which spouses come from different countries or have different cultural and religious back groundso Same- Sex Marriage Civil Union- a public policy designed to extend some benefits topartners who are not legally married o Changing Attitudes about Marriage Becoming more liberal - Attitudes about non-marital sex- Attitudes about cohabitation- Attitudes about non-marital childbearing- Attitudes about shared breadwinning- Attitudes about the division of household labor- The Marriage Premium: Happiness, Health, and Economic Securityo Marriage Premium- the concept that married people are happier, healthier, and financially better off than those who are not marriedo Selection Effect- the hypothesis that people who marry may be different from those who do not marry; for example, they may be happier, healthier, and have more money (research effect)o Economic Security Wage Premium- generally, married men earn more than their unmarried counterparts, particularly married men with stay-at-home wives Social Capital- the goods and services that are by products of social relationships, including connections, social support, information, or financial help - Defining Marital Quality o What does it mean to say that a marriage is happy?o Terms associated with marital quality Marital happiness and marital satisfaction Marital adjustment- Adjusting to not being single or living with somebody Marital stability Marital success - Marital Satisfaction and Successo Types of Marriage Conflict-Habituated Marriage- a type of marriage that includes frequent conflict, although it may be enduring Devitalized Marriage- an enduring marriage that exists without much passiono Correlates of Marital Quality: Personal background characteristics Agreements about roles Children and marital quality Marital quality and the duration of marriage Sexual orientation - Marital Scriptso Expectations a person has about what is appropriate behavior for husbands and wiveso Five different types of cultural expectations about marriage1. Marriage as conflict2. Patriarchal marriage3. Role-segregated marriage4. Companionate marriage5. Peer marriage - The Marital Gradiento Tendency for women to marry up with regard to age, education, occupation, and earning potential 9 out of 10 marriages the man is older than the woman - Homogamyo People tend to marry people of similar race, age, education, religious background, and social class Endogamy- marry within one’s social group Exogamy- marry outside one’s group Heterogamy- marrying someone dissimilar in race, age, education, religion, or social classo Reasons for Homogamy Live in close proximity Culture encourages people to marry other similar to themselves People are more comfortable with others from similar backgrounds People want to strike a fair exchange (Exchange Theory)- People with high rewards wouldn’t want someone with high costs - Exchange Theoryo Individuals pick the relationship that is most rewarding or least costlyo In romantic relationships individuals have resources: beauty, personality, status, skills, maturity, intellect, etc.o Individuals also have costly attributes: being demanding, low status, geographic inaccessibility,
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