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Chapter 14 Families and The Work They Do The changing dynamics of the workplace Early America o Colonial work of the family was everything they needed to do to maintain the home Food clothing o Family based economy whole family contributed to survive o Industrial revolution wage economy exchanged money for goods and services Trends in child labor o Colonial Children worked inside the home to contribute to survival o Industrial revolution children working in businesses unsafe working conditions Child labor laws Mandatory public education children not able to work because of education Women s labor force participation o Colonial women had to work in the home Cooking cleaning o Industrial revolution middle class women could stay at home and take care of the home lower class women had to work Ethnic women minorities always participating in working force Employment Status of mothers by marital status Majority of mothers work outside the home for pay regardless of martial status although there has been a slight decline in recent years Widowed divorced or separated have worked more Married mothers have increasingly started to work Overall general increase in the number of working mothers Single women also have an increase in working outside the home Mother s employment by age of youngest child by race ethnicity When children are young the mothers work less don t work The majority of mothers with children 0 2 or 0 6 work outside the home except among Hispanic groups Hispanic women work outside the home less when they have children Is the increase in working mothers with young children generally a good thing for society a bad thing for society or doesn t it make much difference Although the majority of adults say that working moms are either a good thing for society or do not make much difference a sizable minority see working mom as a bad thing for society Family Work at Home The division of household labor Household labor in general the unpaid work done to maintain family members and or a home o Depends on number of children social class etc Routine household labor nondiscretionary routine tasks that cannot be postponed o Cooking washing dishes or cleaning Occasional labor household task that are more time flexible and more discretionary such as household repairs yard care or paying bills Men s share of domestic work has increased although women have most of the responsibility Men and women do not have the same perception of who does the childcare cooking and housecleaning Leisure time fathers report an extra hour or two of leisure compared to mothers Not employed fathers still have more leisure time than mothers because they spend more time on child care and household duties Explanations for the Gendered Division of Labor Time availability perspective suggests the division of labor is largely determined by the need for household labor and each partner s availability to perform household tasks o Applies to mothers who are part time workers or full time stay at home mothers Relative resources perspective the greater the relative amount or value of resources contributed by a partner the greater is his or her power within the relationship which can then be translated into bargaining to avoid tasks such as housework that offer no pay and minimal social prestige o If you bring more resources the more power you have o Bargaining to avoid tasks such as housework o The spouse who make more money has the most power o Fathers who make less money usually do more housework to make up for the loss Gender perspective Doing Gender o It s a women s job to cook and clean o It s a men s job to mow the lawn and be outside o We do things based on our physiology or culture o Example Nari does outside work if her husband is not around to do it Juggling work and family life Work family conflict a form of tension under which people feel that the pressures from paid work and family roles are incompatible in some way o Parents need to finish work in the office overtime paid but they know they have to go home and help their children with homework not paid Role overload feeling overwhelmed by many different commitments and not having enough time to meet each commitment effectively o Example student with a job in a organization who is also a friend and family member o Different roles requires you to shift gears Spillover an occurrence caused by the demands involved in one sphere of work carrying over into work in another sphere o Kids late for school in the morning means you will be late to work Work family conflict is common and is reported more often by men than women Mothers nowadays seem to favor part time over full time work and stay at home mothers are increasingly satisfied with their arrangement Who s minding the kids Preschool age children o Daycare centers nonresidential facilities that provide childcare o Family childcare providers private homes other than the child s home where childcare is provided o Nannies babysitters non relatives that provide childcare in the home Relative and organized day care seem to be the most common ways that working parents arrange for childcare but racial and ethnic groups appear to have different preferences Childcare is expensive especially for an infant in a daycare center Family home care is cheaper than childcare center School age children o Self care Children who are unsupervised and taking care of themselves Effects of childcare on children s well being o Diseases illnesses pick up on another child s negative behaviors Despite the stereotypes to the contrary daycare centers are among the safest place for children s care o Multiple staff to help rules and standards operated like a business Most amount of fatalities are at in home family center family daycare Chapter 15 Power and Violence in Marriages and Families Types of Power Coercive Power power that individuals have to punish another individual To force them to do something with the threat of punishment Reward Power power that someone has when they have the ability to award someone Expert Power power over another person when they have expertise in a certain area o Ex professor over a classroom student Informational Power power you have when you know information that someone else doesn t have o Don t necessarily need to be an expert o Ex Ad on the radio about smoking kills and you share that with others Referent Power power that an individual does not have a lot of power gives to an authority o Ex president of


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FSU FAD 2230 - Chapter 14: Families and The Work They Do

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