Study Guide for FAD3343 Exam 1(Chapters: 1 -5)Text Readings, PowerPoints, and select Video Presentations*** Things in purple are extra notes I added from book/powerpoints that wasn’t on the study guide***Chapter 1: Aging in AmericaPlease be familiar with or be able to define or identify the following concepts, terms, or illustrations:-The Interdisciplinary Aspect of Aging: Please be able to address, identify, or explain why aging is an interdisciplinary topic.o Aging is an interdisciplinary topic because it can be examined from many different perspectivesEmotional, physiological, economic, social, cognitive, or philosophical-Gerontology: Be familiar with this concept and its meaning and when it began. Also be able to identify or explain what is meant by a “new gerontology.” o Gerontology= The study of the human aging process from maturity to old age, as well as the study of older adults as a special populationo Began in the early 1950so Gerontologist John Rowe described a “new gerontology” in which the focus “goesbeyond the prior preoccupation with age-related diseases… to include a focus onsenescence… and physiological changes that occur with advancing age and thatinfluence functional status as well as the development of disease”o In “new gerontology”, we might focus on the social issues that are inherent in anysociety undergoing social, interpersonal, and economic changes as rapidly as theUnited States-Senescence: Please able to define, understand, and identify aspects of this concept.o Senescence= Age-related loss of function - Aging: Please be able to define this concept in the context of the authors’ use in the textand what aging. o Aging= Progressive changes during adult years Not always negative nor do they necessarily reduce an individual’s viability (e.g., grey hair is a result of aging but does not impair a person’s functioning)-Chronological aging, biological aging, psychological aging, and social aging: Be able to identify, explain, or discuss the following types of aging processes.o Chronological aging= number of years since birtho Biological aging= changes reducing the efficiency of organ systemso Psychological aging= includes memory, learning, adaptive capacity, personality, and mental functioningo Social aging= referring to social roles, relationships, and the overall social context in which we grow old-Perspectives on Agingo Biological: genes, lifestyles, and environmental influences on agingo The most basic discipline in the study of aging is biologyWithout the biological aging process, we could all theoretically live foreverWe can impact our biological health through paying attention to our lifestyleGenes determine ¼ of our longevity- meaning that ¾ of how long we live can be effected by factors such as lifestyle and social environmento Sociological: societal norms, cultural contexts, status, population demographicso A second component of gerontology is the sociological perspectiveExamines the structure of society—its norms and values and their influence on how a person perceives and reacts to the aging processRather than focusing in individual experience, sociology focuses on groups of individuals and the cultural context in which they ageo Psychological: cognition, emotions, adaptability, self-concept, lifespan viewo A third lens from which aging is viewed is psychologyIn contrast with the sociological perspective, the psychological focuses onthe individualPsychologists are interested in the aging mind— how perception, motor skills, memory, and emotions change over timeIndividual morale, motivation, adaptability, self-concept, and self-efficacy all have an impact on how we ageo Philosophical: personal meaning, spirituality, ethics -Philosophical, Spirituality, and Ethics: Be able to identify, explain, or discuss the following types of aging processes.o Virtually all theories of human development suggest that the psychological task of later life is to gain greater understanding of the life we have lived and of our own approaching deatho Ethical issues are central in the care of older adults as well as in life decisions made by elders themselveso Developing an understanding of ethics and values requires that psychologists and health care practitioners be culturally competentCultural competence refers to the ability to honor respect styles, attitudes,behaviors, and beliefs of individuals and families-Multidisciplinary Aspect of Gerontology: Be able to explain or identify why gerontologists are multidisciplinary.o Gerontologists examine aging from a chronological perspectiveo They study biological and psychological processes and individual meanings of agingo They look at the social meaning of aging including changing roles and relationshipso They study the meaning of aging from a contextual perspective: family, community, and national/geopolitical processes and eventso They can apply there specialty in many fields—medicine, dentistry, economics, social work, mental health, religion, education, and recreationo They are practitioners in nursing, occupational therapy, sociology, and other fields having to do with the health and well-being of individuals and society-Gerontology vs. Geriatrics: Be able to define and or differentiate between these two fields.o Gerontology= The study of the human aging process from maturity to old age the study of physical, mental, and social changes in older people as they age the investigation of the changes in society resulting from our aging population Uses a bio-psychosocial modelo Geriatrics= focuses on preventing and managing later-life illness and diseaseLess multidimensional than gerontology, looking specifically at biological and physiological health issuesMedical model perspective-Person-Environment: Be able to define or identify what is meant by person-environment.o A person-environment approach views the environment as a continually changing context to which individuals adapt as they also adapt to the personal, psychological, and physical changes in the aging processAs the aging person adjusts to life’s changes, this adaptation impacts the environment which further changes the individual as well as the social context (cycle-like)-This reciprocity of change is the person-environment modelo Individuals adapt to personal, psychological, and physical changes.o The environment is a changing context.o Cycle of adaptation: The context
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