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FAD2233 Test 1 Notes Ch 1 How do we define family Legal vs social science definition o Legal relationship by blood marriage or adoption o Social science more broad o Family of orientation family you re born into o Family of procreation family you make o Fictive kin nonrelatives whose bond is strong The functions of families o Marriage institutional arrangement between persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds o Anthropologist Stephen s 1 Socially legitimate sexual union 2 Public announcement 3 Undertaken with some idea of permanence 4 Assumed with a more or less explicit marriage contract Regulation of sexual behavior Reproducing and socializing children Property and inheritance Economic cooperation Care warmth protection and intimacy Social placement status and roles Linking the micro level and macro level perspectives on families o Social structure stable framework of social relationships that guides our interactions with others o Micro level focus on the individuals and his her interaction in specific settings o Macro level society shapes the way we think Family as social institutions o Social institution set beliefs and rules that is organized to meet basic human needs Social status and families Families are always changing o Marriage patterns o Master status major defining status sex ethnicity religion Monogamy marriage between one man and one woman Polygamy allows more than one spouse at a time Polygyny man has more than one wife more common Polyandry wife has more than one man Patriarchy men have a natural right to authority over women Matriarchy women have power and authority in society Egalitarian power is equal between men and women o Patterns of authority o Patterns of descent Bilateral traced both male and female sides of family Patrilineal lineage traced exclusively through man s family line Matrilineal lineage traced exclusively within women s family o Families in transition China o History of family life in the U S Family life in colonial America European colonist Colonial America African Americans and slavery Industrialization urbanization and immigration The poor and working class Middle and upper class The rise of the modern family the twentieth century Experiential Reality o Most of us think of ourselves as family experts we all come from some family so what s not to know o We have our own opinions and beliefs based on Personal experience What others told us What we ve witnessed What we read or heard about in media Common sense The importance of social science research o Empirical approach answers questions through a systematic collection and analysis of data Goals of family research o Describe phenomena o Examine factors that predict or are associated with some phenomena o Explain cause and effect relationships or to provide insight into why certain events do or do not occur Common research methods used to study families and relationships o Surveys o In depth interview o Experiment o Focus group o Observational study o Secondary analysis o Quantitative qualitative The importance of social science theory o Theories helping us make sense of the world o Macro theories Structural functionalism attempts to determine the structure systems functions and equilibrium of social institutions Conflict theory emphasizes issues surrounding social inequality Feminist theory gender is seen as the central concept for explaining family structure and family dynamics o Micro theories Social exchange theories model of human behavior used by many economists leave someone when cons outweigh pros Symbolic interaction theory emphasizes the symbols we use in everyday interaction words gestures appearances how these are interpreted Developmental theory families go through distinct stage over time with its own tasks roles responsibilities Systems theory proposes that a family system is larger than the sum of its individual members Are we rejecting marriage and family relationships Ch 2 Social status sex gender race ethnicity and social class Social stratification ranking of categories of people within society Sociological imagination recognition that our personal experiences are in large part shaped by forces within the larger society Sex gender patriarchy o Sex biological difference between men and women and their role in reproduction o Gender culturally and socially constructed difference between males and females found in the meanings beliefs and practices associated with femininity and masculinity o Sex and gender differences Androgyny possess masculine and feminine traits o Gender socialization teaching the cultural norms associated with being male or female o Agents of socialization primary groups responsible for gender Gender s influence on our family and close relationships division of socialization household labor o Male privilege patriarchy Does patriarchy exist in the US Race and ethnicity o The population is growing more diverse Race share real or perceived physical traits Ethnicity characteristics such as language place of origin dress food religion culture Ethnic group share specific cultural features Minority groups people who have less power than the dominant group subject to unequal treatment o Prejudice and discrimination pervasive problem Social capital social networking connections which can be a valuable source of information such as resource for job leads Prejudice negative attitude towards racial ethnic groups Stereotypes oversimplified set of beliefs about a group of people Discrimination behaviors actions that have harmful impacts Individual discrimination one person s negative attitude to another person Institutional discrimination social institutions such as the government religion and education create policies and practices that are systematically disadvantageous to certain groups Social class o Approaches to measuring social class Social class social position based primarily on income and wealth but prestige and education to Socioeconomic status SES combination of education occupation income o 6 groups of social class 1 Upper class untouchables 2 Upper middle class 100 200 000 3 Middle class 50 70 000 4 Working class custodial workers 5 Working poor minimum wage 6 Under class extremely poor not employed o How does social class affect our family close relationships Social mobility and the lack of it Social mobility move from one social class to another Building relationships o Singlehood What does it mean to be single Voluntary temporary


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FSU FAD 2230 - Test 1

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