FAD 2230 TEST 3 STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 14 Work family conflict Role overload Spillover More positive spill over in The wage gap Two career marriages Second shift Hochschild 1989 Routine household labor Occasional labor Household labor Relative resources perspective Gender roles are Gender roles Gatekeeping Jobs influencing the family Night shift WORK AND FAMILY A form of tension under which people feel that pressures from paid work and family roles are incompatible in some way too many commitments too little resources time energy o Perception not necessarily reality leads to depression demands of one work sphere carry over into the demands of another work sphere can be positive or negative Cohesive families togetherness support are more positive family work spillover By Gender o Women satisfaction with the division of household labor more positive spillover o Men satisfaction with the couple relationship more positive spillover The wage gap is the difference in earnings between men and women Varies depending on occupation o Usually greater in the more elite occupations o For instance 2000 Female physicians average 80 000 Male physicians average 140 000 Careers differ from jobs in that they hold the promise of advancement and demand a high degree of commitment Two career families often outsource domestic work and are likely to employ an in home caregiver Term describing domestic work employed women must perform after coming home from a day on the job More enjoyable when shared by both partners every day chores dishes laundry cleaning can be done less regularly mowing the lawn pressure washing the driveway Women predominantly do routine household labor while the men do the occasional labor Time Availability Perspective o Division of labor is determined by Needs of the home e g number of kids Each partner s availability to perform household tasks e g hours spend in paid work o The spouse with the most resources has the most power in the relationship Resources bargaining power Ingrained by society o Gender roles exhibit powerful norm on what we see as normative Takes gender values identities and expectations into account women s work and men s work Women may be reluctant to give up control of household tasks Non standard work hours increasingly common number of hours does not equal poor mental health When people work matters more distress esp women FAD 2230 TEST 3 STUDY GUIDE Living wage Who feels they have less time with children Children who spent more time in childcare had In oreder to resolve family issues families need Men women Routine labor Occasional labor The time availability perspective Division of labor is determined by Relative resource perspective Living wage CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 17 Why couples divorce higher depression lower marital quality minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs o home clothes food utilities transportation healthcare Fathers are more likely to feel that they don t spend enough time with children o But mothers are more negatively affected when they perceive that they spend too little time with their children more aggressive behavior still in a normal range and differences disappears by 3rd grade Poorer work habits social skills differences were minimal and within normal range Higher language and other academic skills o Childcare is safer than family day care violence sexual assault shakings o Most important factor is the QUALITY of childcare o Adequate provision for quality child and elder care o Family leave o Flexible schedule Routine Household labor household things that need to get done daily women Occasional labor only need to be done sometimes like mowing the lawn men 1 Needs of the home of kids 2 Each partner available to perform household tasks hours at job The spouse with most resources has the most power in relationship Resources bargaining power minimum income necessary for s worker to meet their basic needs home clothes food utilities transportation healthcare DIVORCE FAMILY LIFE PARTNERING AND REMMARIAGE AFTER DIVORCE Parental Divorce can lead to your own divorce Attitudes of divorce Marrying younger gives a higher risk of divorced Especially true among teenagers Parental status Intergenerational transmission of divorce Attitudes of divorce Pattern of divorce in generations Modeling of relationship behavior Intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic risk If divorce in your head is a possible solution then you re more likely to get divorced Age at marriage Microlevel factors of o childfree couples are more likely to divorce FAD 2230 TEST 3 STUDY GUIDE divroce Children add stability but not necessarily quality Pre marital child bearing o Children prior to marriage higher divorce rate when they do get married o Less relational stability Sex of the child o Couples with sons are less likely to divorce o Fathers are more likely to be engaged with a son Heterogeny o Fewer similarities more likely to divorce o Age sex religion ethnic group Income o Lower incomes more likely to divorce o Stress leads to marital problems Education o Lower education more likely to divorce o Sort of ties in with income Race Ethnicity o Black couples are most likely to divorce o Hispanic and Asian couples are least likely to divorce Level of socioeconomic development Religion Divorce laws Women s status and employment Attitudes towards divorce Divorce is a process o Pre separation thinking o Early separation face logistic issues o Mid separation face daily living apart If people are going to get back together this stage is when reconciliationtypically happens o Late Separation Figuring out life as a single person Spouses access their marriage in terms of o Rewards of marriage The spouse knows you more than anyone Do I want to be single o Barriers to divorce Can we afford to live separately Do I really want to see my kids only half the time o Alternatives to the marriage Both ex spouses are victims 1st year after divorce is stressful for both If economic discrimination faced by women and gender role expectations faced by men were eliminated the difficulties could be reduced Involves loss of time with children more general loneliness Macro Level factors of Divorce Deciding on divorce pre separation thinking early separation mid separation Deciding on divorce Levinger spouses access their marriage in terms of His and Her Divorce His divorce FAD 2230 TEST 3 STUDY GUIDE Her divorce Stations of Divorce Paul Bohannan Emotional Legal Economic
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