FAD2230 Final Study Guide Final Exam is Friday December 14th 10AM CHAPTER 11 Family Stress and Crisis Violence Among Intimates Crisis A critical change of events that disrupts the functioning of a person s life Family Stress Tensions that test a family s emotional resources Acute Stress Short term stress Chronic Stress Long tern stress 10 Most Common Family Stresses Table 11 1 1 Finances and budgeting 2 Children s behavior 3 Insufficient time as a couple 4 Lack of shared responsibility in family 5 Communication with children 6 Insufficient time for me 7 Guilt for not accomplishing more 8 Relationship with spouse Nature of Stress and Crisis Responses to Stress General Adaptation Syndrome GAS The predictable pattern one s body follows when coping with stress which includes the alarm reaction resistance and exhaustion The Social Readjustment Rating Scale A scale of major life events over the past year each of which is assigned a point value Patterns of Family Crisis 3 distinct phases 1 The event that causes the crisis 2 The period of disorganization that follows 3 The reorganization that takes place afterwards Five Patterns of the Effects of Stress Crisis on Family Functioning Figure 11 1 Double ABC X Model Figure 11 3 What happens after a family faces a stressful event or even a crisis Five patterns have been identified the most common is a roller coaster effect with a decline in functioning followed by an increase in functioning and then finally stabilizing 15 percent said there was no change 18 percent says that the functioning increased 5 percent said it decreased and never was reorganized 51 percent reported a roller coaster 11 percent said it was all mixed Coping or Not The ABC X Models The ABC X Model A model designed to help us understand the variation in the ways that families cope with stress and crisis A Stressor Event B Internal family Resources Formal and Social Supports C Family s perception x Family Crisis Double ABC X Model A model designed to help us understand the effects of accumulation of stresses and crises and how families adapt to them Violence Among Couples Intimate Partner Violence defined as violence between those who are physically and sexually intimate such as spouses or partners can encompass physical economic sexual or psychological abuse insulting belittling Conflict Tactics Scale CTS a scale based on how people deal with disagreements in relationships Are men or Women more likely to be victims Bias and the CTS Psychologically Aggressive Response insulting the other person Physically Aggressive Response slap throw something push Non Aggressive Response calming approaching argument Frequency of Intimate Partner Violence Double Standard of women being more safe in society than men in terms of abuse Types of Intimate Partner Violence Common Couple Violence when violence arises out of a specific argument and somebody rises up considered very common Intimate Terrorism the control of another partner Violent Resistance self defense being violent to somebody else because you are trying to protect yourself Mutual Violent Control both people have violent behavior Stalking Cyberstalking Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence physical damage death bruises broken bones more likely to attempt suicide drink alcohol self esteem is lower isolate themselves costs over 8 billion dollars in the US medical coverage mental health safe houses Physical does not always result in death bruises broken bones permanent injuries Psychological consequences people who face violence are more likely to engage in risky behaviors have lower self esteem and Tend to isolate themselves Macro Effects staggering cost over 8 billion dollars due to violence Coping with Violence Leaving and Staying Learned Helplessness the psychological condition of having low self esteem feeling helpless and having no control that is caused by repeated abuse Battered Women s Syndrome a recognized psychological condition often a subcategory of post traumatic stress syndrome been the victim of consistent and or severe domestic violence Violence in Gay and Lesbian Relationships used to describe someone who has Generally under reported due to the stigma of gay and lesbian couples Violence in gay and lesbian relationships are just as prominent then heterosexual relationships Dating Violence Rape and Sexual Assault assault Women ages 16 24 1 3 have experienced violence in relationships Rape on College Campuses Date Rape Drugs drugs that are used to immobilize a person to facilitate an Wife Rape research shows that it can be more scary damaging psychologically more common than stranger rape Women are 7 5 more likely to survive sexual assault Child Abuse TABLE 11 3 Most Common Types of Child Abuse Affects over 800 000 children Most common form is Neglect the children that are the most vulnerable are from birth 12 months of age Child Abuse an attack on a child that results in an injury and violates our social norms Types of Child Abuse neglect not meeting the needs of the child Physical Abuse hitting shaking burning or kicking infants Sexual Abuse Psychological Abuse screaming in a child s face belittling insulting can be just as damaging as physical or sexual abuse Corporal Punishment using physical tactics to punish the child the law states that you can only spank your child with your hand no object Who Would Abuse Children The vast majority of people that abuse children are parents the more stressed the parent is younger parents single parents are more likely to abuse children Consequences of Child Abuse each year it is estimated that 18 000 are permanently disabled because of child abuse health consequences are migraines headaches gastrotestinal issues digestion mental health is impaired Trafficking the recruitment transportation transfer harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion abduction of fraud or deception of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation Sex Trafficking 1 4 million are being trafficked from America to other borders an industry in which children are coerced kidnapped sold or deceived into sexual encounters Explanations for Violence among Intimates Micro Level Explanations The Intergenerational Transmission of Violence a cycle of violence that is passed down to dependants Macro Level
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