Family Relationships Exam 1 Study Guide Ch 1 5 Chapter 1 family a relationship by blood marriage or affection in which members may cooper ate economically may care for children and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group family of orientation family you are born into family of procreation the family you make through marriage partnering parenthood fictive kin non relatives whose bonds are strong and intimate The Functions of Families marriage an institutional arrangement between persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds in every society William Stephens definition 1 socially legitimate sexual union 2 public announcement 3 idea of permanence 4 more less explicit marriage contract regulate sexual behavior say who can have a sexual relationship with who what circumstances reproducing and socializing children socialization the process by which people learn the rules expectations and culture of society property and inheritance invention of agriculture allowed people to own property gain surplus to pass on economic cooperation group cooperates with one another to provide necessities male vs female tasks social placement status roles provide with an identity statuses the social positions that people occupy in a group society roles the behaviors associated with those positions care warmth protection intimacy emotional care needed to nurture and survive Perspectives on Family social structure stable framework of social relationships that guides our interactions with others micro level focus on individual interactions in specific settings macro level focus on interconnectedness of marriages families and intimate relation ships with rest of society Family As a Social Institution social institution a major sphere of social life with rules organized to meet basic hu man needs status the social position that a person occupied master status the major defining status or statuses that a person occupies human agency the ability of human beings to create viable lives even when they are constrained or limited by social forces looking at why poor mothers choose not to marry their partners high unemployment rates value marriage highly too risky Marriage Patterns monogamy marriage between one man and one woman polygamy system that allows from more than one spouse at a time polygyny husbands can have more than one wife polyandry wives are allowed to have more than one husband China s Family Transition used to be arranged marriages little freedom now people date cohabit etc one child policy beginning to see less abandonment of girl babies Patterns of Authority patriarchy the norm or expectation is that men have a natural right to be in positions of authority over women matriarchy the norm or expectation is that the power and authority in society would be vested in women egalitarian power and authority are vested in both men and women equally Patterns of Descent bilateral descent traced through both male and female sides of the family patrilineal lineage is traced exclusively primarily through male s side matrilineal lineage is aced exclusively primarily though women s families Residence Patterns neolocal expectation that newly married couple establishes a residence and lives there independently patriolocal expectation that newly married couple will live with husband s family matriolocal expectation that newly married couple will live with wife s family History of Family Life in US families were the cornerstone of colonial America social life businesses self sustaining worked together center of all activities team mentality schools churches correctional institutions criminals sent to work for families health and social welfare institutions caring for sick elderly orphans nuclear family family comprised of adults and thier children extended family family comprised of parents children and other relatives African American History slavery has been used to explain the strong female family patterns resiliency ties strong through blood free women outnumbered free men in urban areas at one point Industrialization Urbanization Immigration began to work away from the home make goods in factories work week Mon Fri 8 5pm move into cities immigrants fueled industrialization cheap labor more segregation between classes Rise of Modern Family Families Today wars women entered workforce new technology automobile idea of domesticity companionate family marriage based on mutual affection sexual attraction compati bility and personal happiness difficult to support a family on one income incomes don t keep up with inflation work longer hours recession Research experiential reality opinions beliefs personal experiences influence from parents media common sense empirical approach answers questions through a systematic collection and analysis of data goals of family research describe some phenomena examine factors that predict associated with phenomenon explain cause and effect relationships why certain events do or do not occur tions Methods survey gathers info through answers people give to questions random sample every person of interest has an equal chance of being selected into your research study in depth interview allows an interviewer to obtain detailed responses to ques experiment controlled method for determining cause and effect focus group small group interview of people who are brought together to discuss a particular topic observational study goes into the natural setting and observes people in action secondary analysis the data were collected for some other purpose but still are useful to the researcher quantitative research focuses on data that can be measured numerically qualitative research narrative description with words rather than numbers to analyze patterns and their underlying meanings Social Science Theory theory general framework explanation or tool used to understand and describe the real life world Macro theories structural functionalism attempts to determine the structure system functions and equilibrium of social institutions conflict theory emphasizes issues surrounding social inequality power conflict and social change feminist theory gender is seen as the central concept for explaining family structure and family dynamics Micro theories social exchange theory draws upon a model of human behavior used by many econ omists assumes that individuals are rational beings and their behavior reflects deci sions evaluated on the basis of costs both direct
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