Family Relationships - Exam 3 Study GuideChapter 11 (Family Stress and Crisis: Violence among Intimates)o Crisis: a critical change of events that disrupts the functioning of a person’s lifeo Family stress: tensions that test a family’s emotional resourceso Acute stress: short term stresso Chronic stress: long term stresso General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): the predictable pattern one’s body follows when coping with stress, which includes the alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustiono Social Readjustment Rating Scale: a scale of major life events over the past 12 months, each of which is assigned a point value; the higher the score, the greater the chance of having a serious medical evento ABC-X Model: a model designed to help us understand the variation in the ways that families cope with stressand crisiso Double ABC-X Model: a model designed to help us understand the effects of the accumulation of stresses andcrises and how families adapt to themo Intimate partner violence: violence between those who are physically and sexually intimate, such as spouses or partners; violence can be physical, economic, sexual, or psychologicalo Conflict Tactics Scale: a scale based on how people deal with disagreements in relationshipso Learned helplessness: the psychological condition of having low self-esteem, feeling helpless, and having no control that is caused by repeated abuseo Battered Women’s Syndrome: a recognized psychological condition, often a subcategory of post-traumatic stress syndrome, used to describe someone who has been the victim of consistent and/or severe domestic violenceo Date rape drugs: drugs such as GHB or roofies that are used to immobilize a person to facilitate an assaulto Child abuse: an attack on a child that results in an injury and violates our social normso Trafficking: the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud or deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, or of the giving or receiving of payments to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitationo Sex trafficking: an industry in which children are coerced, kidnapped, sold, or deceived into sexual encounterso Elder abuse: abuse of an elderly person that can be physical, sexual, or psychological; financial or material exploitation; neglecto Intergenerational transmission of violence: a cycle of violence that is passed down to dependentso Domestic violence shelter: a temporary safe house for a woman (with or without children) who is escaping anabusive relationshipLecture:o Types of Power:- Coercive power: power to punish- Expert power: have more knowledge- Informational power: based on having information, but not necessarily being an expert- Reward power: power to reward actions- Referent power: person without power is referring to them or giving it over to them- Legitimate power: power given by accreditationo Marital Power:- First studied in the 1950s- Resource hypothesis: the spouse with more resources has more power in marriage- Blood and Wolfe Experiments Interviewed wives only 72% of families had a relatively egalitarian decision-making structure 25% - husbands made the decisions 3% - wives made decisions1 Criticisms: Different power domains- Women; food, shopping, cleaning- Men: housing, jobs, finances “Having the power to make trivial decisions is not the same as having the power to make important ones”.- Men tend to have more resources: money, education, status, physical strength, alternatives to marriage- Women tend to be most equal with men at the beginning of marriage- Women’s resources are diminished by first pregnancy and birth May take time off and lose income Dependent on males to be father and earner Have less energy to resist dominance of husband- Resource theory doesn’t explain everything Interaction of legitimate and resource powero Legitimacy and Resources:- Culture gives husbands absolute legitimate power- Culture gives power + husband has greater resources = husband dominant- Culture gives power + husband has less resources = husband dominant- Culture does not give power + husband greater resources = husband probably dominant- Culture does not give power + husband less resources = egalitarian marriage or wife dominantCulture gives Husband Power?Yes NoHusband hasMore Resources?Yes Husband Dominant Husband DominantNo Husband Dominant Egalitarian or Wife Dominant- Most classes perceive that they have egalitarian marriages- Middle/lower classes: economy forces both to work so they are equally dependent- Working women are happier in marriages More financial freedom Psychosocial benefits: praise, love- Mutually economically dependent couples: couples in which earn partner earns 40 to 50% of the couple’s income- Women’s resources may be increased in value: caring, emotional support, warmth, nurturing; supply and demand because women work and are home less- Equality between men and women may occur in overall societyo Types of Couples:- Heterosexual married- Heterosexual cohabitating Both are least egalitarian- Lesbian: more rationally focused- Gay: more competitive Homosexuals share domestic duties moreo Types of Marriages:- Peer marriages: at least 60/40- Near peer marriage: influenced by arrival of children and maximizing income- Traditional marriage: husband dominant and wife is okay with ito Power and Intimacy:- Intimacy is greatest when power is equal- No power – equal power in relationship- Seek to negotiate and compromise, not to win- 1 + 1 ≠ 2 … 1 + 1 = 3 …. Number 3 is the relationshipo Power Politics:- How to exert power in a marriage2 Leaving/threatening Withholding/distancing Pouting/sulking Infidelity- Accumulation of power politics leads to loneliness and distance in marriageo Alternatives to Power Politics:- Partners take charge of separate domains May decrease intimacy Reinforces “separateness”- Subordinate spouse disengages from powers struggles, “give up”- More powerful partner relinquishes some power to save or enhance the marriage ← best optiono “All forms of abuse have at center the exploitation of a power difference”.o Three Phase Cycle of Violence:1. Tension resulting from some minor altercation builds over a period of time2. Situation escalates, exploding into another
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