Chapter 11 Family Violence I Types of Power A coercive power 1 power individuals have to punish another individual getting some one to do something with the threat of punishment B reward power C expert power 1 the ability to get someone to do something by rewarding them i e getting your child to get straight A s with the promise of a later cur few 1 power over someone when you show expertise in the matter i e a doctor has expert power and can get you to do something using knowledge of medicine D informational power 1 power over someone by using information that they don t know different from expert power because this could be an example of blackmail you don t have to be an expert on a subject in order to use it over them E referent power 1 type of power that an individual who doesn t have very much power gives to a person with more power i e we give referent power to police officers or to the President referring to authority figures to give us power over someone else F legitimate power 1 type of power given to someone by another particular entity or per son i e if you re a police officer you ve been given power to en force the law II Marital Power A first studied in 1950 s B Blood Wolfe interviewed wives only C resource hypothesis the spouse with more resources has more power in marriage 1 at that time resources meant being the protector and provider mostly being associated with the husband 2 women at that time most likely brought home making domestic duties and caring as their resources D what resources do spouses bring E Study results 1 most families 72 had relatively egalitarian decision making structure 2 25 of families husbands made decisions 3 3 of families had wives making decisions F Criticisms of study 1 what domains men and women have power over a women had domains over food shopping cleaning b husbands had domains over where they live jobs finances 2 having the power to make trivial decisions is not the same as hav ing the power to make important ones III Resources and gender A men tend to have more resources 1 money 2 education 3 4 physical strength 5 alternatives to marriage status marriage B women tend to be most equal with men at the beginning of C first pregnancy and birth diminishes women s resources 1 female may take time off and lose income 2 dependent on males to be father and earner 3 have less energy to resist dominance of husband IV Culture resources gender A resource theory does not explain everything B culture gives husband absolute legitimate power C interaction of legitimate and resource power V Legitimacy and resources A culture gives husband power husband has greater resources husband dominant husband dominant B culture gives husband power husband has less resources C culture does not give husband power husband has greater re sources husband probably dominant D culture does not give husband power husband has less re sources egalitarian marriage or wife dominant VI Power and Social Class A most classes perceive that they have an egalitarian marriage lower and middle class are more likely to be egalitarian than upper class VII Future of Marital Power A working women are happier in their marriages 1 more financial freedom 2 psychosocial benefits B mutually economically dependent couples 1 couples in which partner earns 40 50 of the couples income C women s resources may be increasing in value 1 caring emotional support warmth nurturing D equality between men and women may occur overall in soci ety Four Couple Types VIII A heterosexual married heterosexual cohabiting lesbian and B married and cohabiting heterosexuals are least egalitarian C gay and lesbian share domestic duties more including child D gays are more competitive while lesbians are more relationally gay rearing focused IX Types of Marriages A peer marriages 1 decisions are made nearly 50 50 or 60 40 influenced by the arrival of children and maximizing income B near peer marriages 1 2 about 70 30 C traditional marriages 1 husband dominated but the wife is okay with it X Power Intimacy A intimacy is greatest when the power is equal B no power equal power in a relationship C seek to negotiate and compromise not to win XI Power Politics A how do spouses exert power in a marriage leaving threatening 1 2 withholding distancing 3 pouting sulking 4 infidelity tance in marriage B accumulation of power politics leads to loneliness and dis XII Alternatives to Power Politics A partners take charge of separate domains 1 may decrease intimacy 2 reinforces separateness B subordinate spouse disengages from power struggles C more powerful partner relinquish some power to save or en hance the marriage Family Violence XIII A all forms of abuse have at their center the exploitation of a power difference B child abuse elder abuse and husband abuse C dating violence domestic violence sexual coercion XIV Three Phase Cycle of Violence A tension resulting from some minor altercation builds over a period of time B situation escalates exploding into another violence episode C violence person becomes contrite treating his her spouse lov ingly XV Why abuses do it A fear B cultural norms C love economic dependence hopes and reform D gendered socialization E childhood experiences F low self esteem XVI Types of Violence A intimate partner violence 1 violence committed by spouses ex spouses or current or former boyfriends or girlfriends including same sex partners B patriarchal terrorism 1 controlling the partner or children through fear or intimidation C common couple violence 1 mutual violence with a specific argument Children and Violence XVII A child abuse 1 emotional 2 physical 3 sexual B child neglect C incest D sibling violence Chapter 12 The Process of Divorce XVIII Today s High U S Divorce Rate A On average 40 50 of married people can expect to have XIX Why are couples divorcing A Various factors can bind marriages and families together in their marriages dissolve over the life course 1 Divorce rate is about 50 for first marriages 2 Divorce rate is about 65 for second marriages B How are divorce rates calculated 1 Number of divorces per year 2 Ratio of current marriages to current divorces 3 Lifetime records of marriage and divorce 4 Crude divorce rate 5 Refined divorce rate cluding 1 economic interdependence 2 3 legal social and moral constraints spouses s relationship B Economic Factors 1 Wives in the labor forces 2 3 Independence Effect Income effect C High expectations of marriage D The changed nature of
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