Family Relationships Exam 1 Study Guide (Ch.1-5)Chapter 1-family-a relationship by blood, marriage, or affection, in which members may cooperate economically, may care for children, and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group-family of orientation-family you are born into-family of procreation-the family you make through, marriage, partnering/ parenthood-fictive kin- non relatives whose bonds are strong and intimateThe Functions of Families-marriage-an institutional arrangement between persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds (in every society)-William Stephens’ definition1)socially legitimate sexual union2)public announcement3)idea of permanence4)more/less explicit marriage contract-regulate sexual behaviorsay who can have a sexual relationship with who, what circumstances-reproducing and socializing childrensocialization-the process by which people learn the rules, expectations, and culture of society-property and inheritanceinvention of agriculture allowed people to own property, gain surplus, to pass on-economic cooperationgroup cooperates with one another to provide necessities, male vs. female tasks-social placement, status, rolesprovide with an identitystatuses-the social positions that people occupy in a group/societyroles-the behaviors associated with those positions-care, warmth, protection, intimacyemotional care needed to nurture and survivePerspectives on Family-social structure-stable framework of social relationships that guides our interactions with others-micro-level-focus on individual, interactions in specific settings-macro-level-focus on interconnectedness of marriages, families, and intimate relationships with rest of societyFamily As a Social Institution-social institution-a major sphere of social life, with rules organized to meet basic human needs-status-the social position that a person occupied-master status-the major defining status or statuses that a person occupies-human agency-the ability of human beings to create viable lives even when they are constrained or limited by social forces*looking at why poor mothers choose not to marry their partners-high unemployment rates, value marriage highly, too riskyMarriage Patterns-monogamy-marriage between one man and one woman-polygamy-system that allows from more than one spouse at a time-polygyny-husbands can have more than one wife-polyandry-wives are allowed to have more than one husband*China’s Family Transition-used to be arranged marriages, little freedom, now people date, cohabit, etc.-one child policy-beginning to see less abandonment of girl babiesPatterns of Authority-patriarchy-the norm or expectation is that men have a natural right to be in positions of authority over women-matriarchy-the norm or expectation is that the power and authority in society would be vested in women-egalitarian-power and authority are vested in both men and women equallyPatterns of Descent-bilateral-descent traced through both male and female sides of the family-patrilineal-lineage is traced exclusively/primarily through male’s side-matrilineal-lineage is aced exclusively/primarily though women’s familiesResidence Patterns-neolocal-expectation that newly married couple establishes a residence and lives there independently-patriolocal-expectation that newly married couple will live with husband’s family-matriolocal-expectation that newly married couple will live with wife’s familyHistory of Family Life in US-families were the cornerstone of colonial America-social life*(businesses) self sustaining, worked together*center of all activities*team mentality*schools*churches*correctional institutions-criminals sent to work for families*health and social welfare institutions-caring for sick, elderly, orphans-nuclear family-family comprised of adults and thier children-extended family-family comprised of parents, children, and other relatives-African American History*slavery has been used to explain the strong female-family patterns*resiliency, ties strong through blood*free women outnumbered free men in urban areas at one pointIndustrialization, Urbanization, Immigration-began to work away from the home-make goods in factories-work week Mon-Fri 8-5pm-move into cities-immigrants fueled industrialization, cheap labor-more segregation between classesRise of Modern Family/Families Today-wars=women entered workforce-new technology, automobile-idea of domesticity-companionate family-marriage based on mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility, and personal happiness-difficult to support a family on one income, incomes don’t keep up with inflation-work longer hours-recessionResearch-experiential reality-opinions, beliefs, personal experiences-influence from parents, media, common sense-empirical approach-answers questions through a systematic collection and analysis of data-goals of family research*describe some phenomena*examine factors that predict/associated with phenomenon*explain cause-and-effect relationships, why certain events do or do not occurMethods-survey-gathers info through answers people give to questions-random sample-every person of interest has an equal chance of being selected into your research study-in-depth interview-allows an interviewer to obtain detailed responses to questions-experiment-controlled method for determining cause and effect-focus group-small group interview of people who are brought together to discuss a particular topic-observational study-goes into the natural setting and observes people in action-secondary analysis-the data were collected for some other purpose but still are useful to the researcher-quantitative research-focuses on data that can be measured numerically-qualitative research-narrative description with words rather than numbers to analyze patterns and their underlying meaningsSocial Science Theory-theory-general framework, explanation, or tool used to understand and describe the real life worldMacro theories-structural functionalism-attempts to determine the structure, system, functions, and equilibrium of social institutions-conflict theory-emphasizes issues surrounding social inequality, power, conflict, and social change-feminist theory-gender is seen as the central concept for explaining family structure and family dynamicsMicro theories-social exchange theory-draws upon a model of human behavior used by many economists, assumes that individuals are rational beings, and their behavior reflects
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