I Chp 11 stress and crisis a The nature of stress crisis 1 Crisis A critical change of events that disrupts the functioning of a person s life 2 Family Stress Tensions that test a family s emotional resources 3 Acute Stress Short term stress 4 Chronic Stress Long Term stress 5 Takes more of a toll on the family atmosphere affects the person physically emotionally psychologically ii The social readjustment rating scale 1 A scale of major life events over the past year each of which is assigned 2 The higher the score the greater the chance of having a serious medical a point value event iii Patterns of family crisis 1 3 Distinct Phases a The event that causes the crisis b The period of disorganization that follows c The reorganization that takes place afterwards 2 Five Patterns of the Effects of Stress Crises on Family Functioning a No change in functioning 15 b Increased family functioning improve on areas of their family life 18 c Decreased family functioning 5 very few families have a crisis that totally destroys them d The crisis arises a pattern of disorganization but eventually they climb their way out and level out 51 e Mixed patterns 11 iv Coping or not The ABC X models 1 ABC X Model A model designed to help us understand the variation in the ways that families cope with stress and crisis a A factor stressor event b B factor crisis meeting resources c C factor definition of event how you interpret the event 2 Double ABC X Model A model designed to help us understand the effects of the accumulation of stresses and crises and how families adapt to them a Adaptation Continuum i Maladaptation Bonadaptation 1 Mal ex Is turning to alcohol 2 Bon ex Family working together b aA factor pile up c bB factor and cC factor existing and new resources 3 Stress is a perception in the brain b Violence among intimates i Violence isn t just a personal problem but also a social problem 1 It affects large numbers of people 2 Violence is not completely random 3 The causes consequences and solutions of violence must address its macro level dimensions including social cultural and economic factors c Intimate partner violence or partners i Violence between those who are physically and sexually intimae such as spouse ii The violence can encompass physical economic sexual or psychological abuse iii Conflict tactics Scale CTS A scale based on how people deal with disagreements in relationships 1 Are men or women more likely to be victims Bias and the CTS a Women are more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence than are men b Almost 1 quarter of intimate partner homicides are committed against men nearly 350 a year iv Types of intimate partner violence 1 Common couple violence a Arises out of a specific argument in which at least one partner lashes out physically b Less frequent c Both partners are engaging in hitting pushing and slapping d More common in younger individuals 2 Intimate patriarchal terrorism a Physical psychological or sexual violence that is motivated by a desire to control the other partner b controlling the partner through fear and intimidation c Usually done by males i Not just controlling partner but children thru intimidation 3 Violent resistance 4 Mutual violent control a The non legal term for self defensive Most common in women a A pattern of behavior in which both partners are controlling and v Coping with violence leaving and staying violent and are battling for control 1 Learned helplessness the psychological condition of having low self esteem feeling helpless and having no control that is caused y repeated abuse 2 Leaving is often a process rather than a single event a Men who engage in intimate terrorism use a wide range of control tactics that can cripple a victim s sense of command over her own life 3 Battered Women s Syndrome used to describe someone who has been the victim of consistent and or severe domestic violence vi Rape and sexual assault 1 date rape drugs d child abuse and neglect a drugs such as GHB roofies or Ketamine that are used to immobilize a person to facilitate an assault i child abuse is an attack on a child that results in an injury and violates our social norms 1 neglect is by far the most common form of child abuse 2 black and American Indian children are most likely to be abused whereas Asian American children are least likely ii types of child abuse 1 neglect 2 physical abuse a Withholding things from children that they actually need i Not going to doctor not feeding them not bathing them a Beating kicking pushing hitting with objects stabling strangling shooting etc b Can result in serious injury c Occurs in all social sectors but abused are most likely to be women young nonwhite and less educated with lower household incomes d What is the difference between spanking and abusing Sometimes you don t know until it s too late But in the state of Florida if you hit a child and leave a mark that stays more than 24 hours you have abused them e Children associate hitting with lack of love or disappointment 3 sexual abuse a Exposing children to porn doesn t always have to be the act b Incest i A type of sexual abuse ii Having sexual relationships with children 4 psychological or emotional maltreatment a can be verbal mental or psychological abuse that destroys a child s self esteem i threatening degrading humiliating iii Sibling Violence iv abuse usually occurs by someone we know closely v 1 800 96 ABUSE Florida Abuse Hotline this is for children only 1 2 you don t necessarily have to know for sure you just have to have suspicions e Harm or predictable harm to a child under the age of 18 caused by a parent guardian or other person responsible for a child s welfare Results from assault willful inattention and failure to provide the necessities of life i Trafficking 1 Most extreme form of child abuse 2 Transporting prostituting forcing to be housekeepers to make money 3 Sex trafficking a An industry in which children are coerced kidnapped sold or deceived into sexual encounters f Elder abuse i Abuse of an elderly person that can include physical abuse sexual abuse psychological abuse financial or material exploitation and neglect g Explanations for violence among intimates i Micro level explanations 1 The intergenerational transmission of violence a A cycle of violence that is passed down to dependents b Ex If you were abused you are more likely to abuse your children or spouse 2 Stress explanation II Power a Types of power i Coercive power 1
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