Family and Relationships Test 1 Chapters 1 5 Chapter 1 1 Family definitions a Social Science i ii b Legal i i i i i i ii iii iv i A relationship by blood marriage or affection Examples football team old lady with cat 2 or more people living together related by blood marriage or adoption 2 Other definitions a Family of Orientation Family you are born into b Family of Procreation Family you make through marriage 1 Spouse and children Nonrelatives with a strong and intimate bond c Fictive kin 3 Functions of Family a Marriage Institutional arrangement between two people to publically recognize their social and intimate bonds b William Stephen s Definition of Marriage A socially legitimate sexual union Is publically announced Undertaken that it will be permanent Assumed that there is more or less an explicit marriage contract c Functions of Marriage Regulation of sexual behavior 1 Cultures regulate behavior by creating ideas on who and when can have sexual relationships Incest taboo 2 a Virtually universal regulation that forbids sexual activity and marriage between family members ii Reproducing and socializing children 1 Able to reproduce and continue human race 2 Raise children together iii Property and inheritance 1 Wealth staying within family 2 Land ownership Economic cooperation iv 1 Sometimes marriage is necessary for families to survive because of economic benefits 2 Two spouses can mean two jobs Social placement status and roles 1 Marrying in a family with wealth Care warmth protection and intimacy v vi 4 Perspectives on families 1 Having a family gives you a permanent support system a Micro i ii b Macro i ii Your perspective Focus on individual and his her interactions Your overall beliefs Focus on interconnections of marriage families and intimate relationships with the rest of society 5 Family as social institution a Social institution i Major sphere of social life with a set of beliefs and rules that is organized to meet basic human needs Families used to encompass many of the other social institutions that are present today ii 1 Examples political religious healthcare 2 How families acted as such a Families working together in the field b Families acting as your hospital c Families providing you your education d Families teaching you religion b Status i ii Master status General status it he social position that you occupy 1 The major defining status of a person a Most people have more than one status b c Will change throughout lifetime Is your biggest defining factor i Example becoming a mother 2 Examples student child white girl 6 Unemployment and Marriage Rates a Single parent households with woman in charge i People believe these women are purposely having children outside of marriage 1 Not true many factors affect circumstances b Why are so many women having children without marrying their children s fathers i Micro Level Factor 1 Poor women seem to value marriage quite highly i ii i ii iii i i i i i 2 Because they believe their relationship isn t perfect won t marry and shy themselves away from marriage ii Macro Level Factor 1 Women see marriage as too risky as their potential spouse is most likely not too financially stable Ability of humans to create viable lives even when they are constrained and limited by many social forces Example young single women raising a child on little income c Human Agency 7 Marriage patterns a Monogamy b Polygamy 8 Authority a Patriarchy i Marriage between a male and female System allowing for more than one spouse Polygyny 1 Husband with more than one wife Polyandry 1 Wife with more than one husband b Matriarchy c Egalitarian Form of social organization where the norm expectation is that men have a natural right of authority over women Form of social organization where the norm expectation is that women have a natural right of power over men 1 Typically not seen in many societies Expectation that power authority are equally vested in men and women 9 Patterns of Descent a Bilateral Descent traced through male and female sides 1 Example in United States you have two sets of b Patrilineal grandparents Descent pattern where lineage is traced exclusively primarily through a man s familial line 1 Example in United States your last name is most likely from your father s family line c Matrilineal i Descent pattern where lineage is traced through wife s family 1 Example Native American tribes 10 Chinese Marriage Policies a Couples in China still cannot marry freely i Government requires people who plan to marry to apply for permission and register officially on a waiting list 1 Fortunately can choose your mate b Government has these rules to regulate births due to large population c One Child Policy i With few exceptions families are typically only allowed to have one child together Cannot simply get pregnant without facing consequences ii 1 Heavy fines 2 Strong encouragement for abortion iii Benefits iv Downfalls 1 Can offer their child best of everything education attention more income 1 Higher value on males in society a Many baby girls have disappeared because to carry on family name couples want to have a boy 11 Residence patterns a Neolocal Expectation that a newly marriage couple will establish residence ii Will live independently b Social expectation on living Patrilocal ii Matrilocal 1 New couple with live with husband s family 1 New couple will live with wife s family 12 History of Family Life a Colonial America Everything happened within the family self sufficient Example prison 1 No actual facility people sent to work for a family Nuclear family Extended family 1 Family comprised of adults and their children 1 Family compromised of parents children and other relatives such as grandparents a In colonial America extended family did not live with you because older adults typically died before their grandchildren were born v African American Families 1 Family bond extremely important i i i ii iii iv a Relationships created by blood were considered more important than those of marriage to African Americans 2 Importation of Slaves Stopped a Whites began to encourage family relationships and childbearing among African American Slaves b Some relationships forced for breeding purposes b Industrialization Urbanization and Immigration i ii iii Families leaving home to go to work in the city Helped define adolescence period 1 Due to age created for children to work in the factory Poor and Working Class Families 1 Most were immigrants 2 No
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