Why do we study Families Other Close Relationships 12 04 2013 Families Have Changed Colonial America families were businesses schools churches o Industrialized Urbanized America separate work home correction health welfare inst o African American Slavery life Wave of immigration o Poor Working class middle upper class Modern America o 1950s Leave it to Beaver Dad work 9 5 Mom worked at home House Car Nuclear Family o 1970s The Brady Bunch Integrated Family Live in Maid nanny Mom doesn t work Divorced Big family o 1980s The Cosby Show Black Upper class Cliff doctor Claire lawyer Mom wore the pants taking care of multigenerational o 1990s Friends N one was related friends can be family modern young Single Girls had more power person o 2000s The Osborne s Reality TV shows Curse excessively They love each other kids settle down 1950s Family were ideal Regular families have real problems 2013s 16 Pregnant Modern Family o Kardishian o The Bachelor o Modern Family How is media showing diversity in one family Types of Family Family of Orientation Family of Procreation Fictive Kin you Functions of Family Regulation of Sexual behavior Reproducing Socializing Children o People that are so related to you but their not really blood o Family that s not really family by affection their important to Property Inheritance o Passing things down don t leave forever leave a legacy o Economic Cooperation Provision Family provides w another o Social Economic Placement Status Roles o Care Warmth protection Intimacy Social Status Sex Gender 12 04 2013 Ultra Masculine Ultra Feminism Key Terms Sex at birth Gender Gender Role o Biological characteristics male female anatomy determined o Culturally defined attitudes and behaviors ass W and expected of the two sexes What it means to be masculine or feminine o The expectations about appropriate masculine and feminine attitudes and behaviors defined by society does not necessarily corresponds with ones sex Socialization Gender Identity o The process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes beliefs values expectations o The degree to which an individual sees him or herself as feminine or masculine based on society s definition of appropriate gender roles Argentic Instrumental Role o Traditionally masculine characteristic Communal Expressive Role o Traditional female characteristic Androgyny o An in between role have both traditionally masculine and feminine characteristics Nature vs Nurture Heredity vs Environment These are the debates concerning how gender roles are acquired Do we learn them Nurture Environment Are we born knowing our roles Nature heredity Theories of Gender Socialization These are various ideas about how we get to know what gender we are what gender behaviors we express They ARE MOSTLY BASED ON A EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE Many of the theories incorporate aspects of nature and nurture Social Learning Theory Bandura 1977 Children learn nurture gender roles from parents siblings schools the media who serve as models for masculine feminine behavior Children imitate models are rewarded for the sex appropriate behavior Agent of Socialization Mass Media Parents Schools Toys Peers of 3 Self Identification Theory nature Child becomes aware of being either male or female around the age Children categorize themselves by identifying behaviors that are appropriate to their sex boys find out they have a penis Children socialize themselves from available cultural materials Gender Schema Theory behave Children develop a basis of knowledge about how girls and boys Once this framework is developed this schema influence how the child processes new information The child will retain gender consistent information easier than gender inconsistent information SCHEMA filter out Chordrow s Theory of Gender Children develop a primary identification with their caregiver usually the mother Females develop an identity and model behaviors from their relationship with their caregiver Males do not identify with opposite sex care giver and must separate early to develop their identity and characteristics of detachment and independence American Families in Social Context Intro o No Families are the same Race Ethnicity features o Race implies a biological distinct group based on physical Scientific thinking rejects the idea that there a re separate races distinguished by biological markers Race is a social construction o Ethnicity is a nationally heritage language and religion values Link between ethnicity and socioeconomic status SES Yearly income Education Geographic location Values o Within Group Diversity Remember that within each racial category that there is diversity between the groups important Caribbean African blacks are different Koreans Japanese Chinese etc African American SES Labor o A higher proportion of black children 32 than those of other ethnic groups live in poverty o Black women have traditionally been employed African American Marriages o Far more likely to have never married o Married blacks have more egalitarian gender roles than do whites o Divorce rates are higher o High rates of incarceration poorer health higher mortality has affected the sex ratio of African American men African Americans Children Families o Blacks are more than twice as likely as whites to suffer the death of an infant o 68 4 of births to unmarried mothers in 2002 o The family system is child focused o Kin networks extend beyond the nuclear family unit Latino Hispanic Marriages Families As likely as whites to be married less likely to be divorced Families values Large households Catholic religious values explain for higher fertility rate o 29 of Latino children are poor o Education levels are low 57 graduate from high school o Hispanic culture of hard work Asian Islander SES Labor o Model minority doing what society expects them to do o Lower divorce rates o Power in families range from male dominance o Teen No marital birth rates are very low less freedom o Lower fertility rate o Lower infant mortality rates than that of whites Native Americans High infant mortality rate Tend to marry at younger age than black and whites Have higher rates of cohabitation Higher proportion of divorce White Families SES Labor o White privileged o Value privacy o Higher SES higher education o Middle class o More likely to be married couple o Less likely to have extended family living with them o On average have lower fertility rates o Less likely to ask family
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