FAD2230 Final Study GuideFinal Exam is Friday, December 14th @ 10AMCHAPTER 11: Family Stress and Crisis: Violence Among Intimates*Crisis: A critical change of events that disrupts the functioning of a person's lifeFamily Stress: Tensions that test a family's emotional resourcesAcute Stress: Short-term stressChronic Stress: Long-tern stress10 Most Common Family Stresses (Table 11.1******)1. Finances and budgeting2. Children's behavior3. Insufficient time as a "couple"4. Lack of shared responsibility in family5. Communication with children6. Insufficient time for "me"7. Guilt for not accomplishing more8. Relationship with spouseNature of Stress and CrisisResponses to StressGeneral Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): The predictable pattern one's body follows when coping with stress, which includes the alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustionThe Social Readjustment Rating Scale: A scale of major life events over the past year, each of which is assigned a point value.Patterns of Family Crisis (3 distinct phases):1. The event that causes the crisis2. The period of disorganization that follows3. The reorganization that takes place afterwardsFive Patterns of the Effects of Stress/Crisis on Family Functioning: Figure 11.1Double ABC-X Model: Figure 11.3What happens after a family faces a stressful event or even a crisis? Five patterns have been identified; the most common is a roller coaster effect with a decline in functioning, followed by an increase in functioning, and then finally stabilizing. 15 percent said there was no change.18 percent says that the functioning increased5 percent said it decreased and never was reorganized51 percent reported a roller coaster11 percent said it was all mixedCoping or Not: The ABC-X ModelsThe ABC-X Model: A model designed to help us understand the variation in the ways that families cope with stress and crisisA: Stressor Event------B: Internal family Resources/Formal and Social Supports---&--C: Family's perception===== x Family Crisis?Double ABC-X Model: A model designed to help us understand the effects of accumulation of stresses and crises and how families adapt to themViolence Among CouplesIntimate Partner Violence: defined as violence between those who are physically andsexually intimate, such as spouses or partners-can encompass physical, economic, sexual, or psychological abuse (insulting, belittling) Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS): a scale based on how people deal with disagreements in relationships-Are men or Women more likely to be victims? Bias and the CTSPsychologically Aggressive Response: insulting the other personPhysically Aggressive Response: slap, throw something, pushNon-Aggressive Response: calming approaching argumentFrequency of Intimate Partner Violence: Double-Standard of women being more safe in society than men in terms of abuse. Types of Intimate Partner Violence:-Common Couple Violence: when violence arises out of a specific argument and somebody rises up, considered very common-Intimate Terrorism: the control of another partner-Violent Resistance: self-defense, being violent to somebody else because you are trying to protect yourself-Mutual Violent Control: both people have violent behaviorStalking/CyberstalkingConsequences of Intimate Partner Violence: physical damage, death, bruises, broken bones, more likely to attempt suicide, drink alcohol, self esteem is lower, isolate themselves, costs over 8 billion dollars in the US (medical coverage, mental health, safe houses)Physical: does not always result in death (bruises, broken bones, permanent injuries)Psychological consequences: people who face violence are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, have lower self-esteem, and Tend to isolate themselvesMacro Effects: staggering, cost over 8 billion dollars due to violenceCoping with Violence: Leaving and Staying:Learned Helplessness: the psychological condition of having low self-esteem, feeling helpless, and having no control that is caused by repeated abuseBattered Women’s Syndrome: a recognized psychological condition, often a subcategory of post-traumatic stress syndrome, used to describe someone who has been the victim of consistent and/or severe domestic violenceViolence in Gay and Lesbian Relationships-Generally under reported due to the stigma of gay and lesbian couples-Violence in gay and lesbian relationships are just as prominent then heterosexual relationshipsDating Violence-Women ages 16-24, 1/3 have experienced violence in relationshipsRape and Sexual AssaultRape on College Campuses“Date Rape” Drugs: drugs that are used to immobilize a person to facilitate an assault“Wife Rape”: research shows that it can be more scary/damaging psychologically,more common than stranger rape-Women are 7.5 more likely to survive sexual assaultChild Abuse (TABLE 11.3: Most Common Types of Child Abuse****)-Affects over 800,000 children-Most common form is Neglect-the children that are the most vulnerable are from birth – 12 months of ageChild Abuse: an attack on a child that results in an injury and violates our social normsTypes of Child Abuse: neglect: not meeting the needs of the child-Physical Abuse: hitting, shaking, burning, or kicking infants-Sexual Abuse -Psychological Abuse: screaming in a child’s face, belittling, insulting, can be just as damaging as physical or sexual abuseCorporal Punishment: using physical tactics to punish the child, the law states that you can only spank your child with your hand (no object)Who Would Abuse Children? The vast majority of people that abuse children are parents (the more stressed the parent is, younger parents/single parents are more likely to abuse children)Consequences of Child Abuse: each year it is estimated that 18,000 are permanently disabled because of child abuse, health consequences are migraines, headaches, gastrotestinal issues/digestion, mental health is impairedTrafficking: the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, of fraud or deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, or of the giving or receiving of payments to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitationSex Trafficking: 1.4 million are being trafficked from America to other borders, an industry in which children are coerced, kidnapped, sold, or deceived into sexual encountersExplanations for Violence among
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