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Chapter 1 How Do We Define Family?Legal vs Social Science Definition of FamilySocial Science Family: A relationship by which blood, marriage, or affection, in which the members may cooperate economically, may care for any children, and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group.Legal Family: Related by blood, marriage, or adoption and are living together.*The legal definition leaves many people out when defining a familyFamily of Orientation: Family you were born intoFamily of Procreation: Family you create through marriage, parenting, and/or parenthoodFictive Kin: Nonrelatives whose bonds are strong and intimate The Functions of a Family Marriage: An institutional arrangement between persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds Anthropologist William Stephens Definition of Marriage:1. Socially legitimate sexual union2. Public announcement 3. Undertaken with some idea of permanence 4. Assumed with a more or less explicit marriage contact Families serve the function of:1. Regulation of Sexual Behavior2. Reproducing and Socializing Children3. Property and Inheritance 4. Economic Cooperation5. Social Placement, Status, and Roles6. Care, Warmth, Protection, and IntimacyLinking the Micro-Level and Macro-Level Perspective on Families Social Structure: A stable framework of social relationships that guides our interactions with others Micro-Level: Focus on individuals and his/her interactions in specific settingsMacro-Level: Focus on interconnectedness of marriage, families, and intimate relationships withthe rest of societyFamily as a Social Institute Social Institute: A major sphere of social life, with a set of beliefs and rules that are organized tomeet basic human needsSocial Status and FamiliesMaster Status: The major defining status or statuses that a person occupies (If you could define yourself as one word for example a mom)Families are Always Changing Marriage Patterns Monogamy: Marriage between a man and a womanPolygamy: Having more than one spouse at a timePolygyny: Husband has multiple wivesPolyandry: Wife has multiple husbands Patterns of Authority Patriarchy: A form of social organization in which the norm/ expectation is that men have a natural right to be in positions of authority over women.Matriarchy: A form of social organization in the norm/expectation is that the power and authority in society should be invested in womenEgalitarian: The expectation that power and authority are equally invested in men and womenPatterns of Descent Bilateral: Descent that can be traced through male and female sides of familyPatrilineal: Lineage that is traced exclusively through the man’s family lineMatrilineal: Lineage that is traced exclusively thought the woman’s family line Residence PatternsNeolocal: Expectation that newly married couples establish a residence and lives there independentlyPatrilocal: Expectation that newly married couples will live with the husband’s family Matrilocal: Expectation that newly married couples will live with the wife’s family Families are always ChangingHistory of Family Life in the US Family life in colonial America: European colonistsFamilies were bigger and served as the central unit for life. Families worked as a team to survive.Industrialization, Urbanization, and immigrationFamilies left home to go to work as well as school. There was more separation as families moved away from being the central unit. The Rise of the Modern Family-the twentieth centuryThere was no longer one sole breadwinner for the family. Both parents were working and children were place in daycare and school. There was an increase in divorce rates."Experiential Reality"Most of us think of ourselves as experts on family relationships-we all come from some type of family so what's not to know?We have our opinions and beliefs based on: Our own personal experienceWhat others have told us (mom, dad, teachers, etc)What we have witnessedWhat we read or hear about in the mediaCommon senseFor example: I will pay you $100 if you can guess the color of my wedding dress.Most of us would pick white based on what we know about American culture, that's the common sense answer which is our experiential reality.Sometimes common sense or personal experience can help us "know" or "understand" our social world. But sometimes they cannot.Consequently we rely on science which uses an empirical approach (answers questions through a systematic collection and analysis of data)The Importance of Social Science ResearchEmpirical Approach: an approach that answers questions through a systematic collection and analysis ofdataGoals of family research: 1. Describe 2. Predict 3. ExplainCommon Research Methods Used to Study Families and Relationships1. Survey2. In-depth Interview3. Experiment4. Focus Group5. Observational Study6. Secondary Analysis7. Quantitative/QualitativeThe Importance of Social Theory Theories Help Us Make Sense of the World Theory: A general framework, explanation, or tool to understand and describe the real-life world.Macro-Theories Structural Functionalism: A theory that attempts to determine the structure, systems, functions,and equilibrium of social institutions (family)Conflict Theory: A theory that emphasizes issues surrounding social inequality, power, conflict, and social change Ex. The age of healthcare benefits of elders vs children, why not children?Feminist Theory: A theory in which gender is seen as the central concept for explaining family structure and family dynamics Micro-TheoriesSocial Exchange Theory: A theory that draws upon a model of human behavior used by many economists Ex. The principle of least interest; the people who is least interested in the relationship holds thepower Symbolic Interaction Theory: A theory that emphasizes the symbols we use in everyday interactions- words, gestures, appearances- and how these are interpreted Ex. The importance of engagement rings Developmental Theory: A theory that suggest families, and individual family members go through distinct stages over time, with each stage having its own sets of tasks, roles, and responsibilities Systems Theory: A theory that proposes that a family system-the family members and the roles that they play- is larger than the sum of its individual membersEx. We are affected by everything like a family member having cancer affects the whole familyAre we


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FSU FAD 2230 - Chapter 1

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