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Chapter 14 Families and The Work They Do The Changing Dynamics of The Workplace Early America o The work of the family was everything they needed to do to maintain the family Growing and buying food Make clothing o A family based economy the whole family had to contribute for the survival of the family o Family wage economy was introducing during the industrial revolution when family members would make wages and support the family that way Trends in Child Labor o Children did work inside the home But during industrial America children worked in business and companies o The working conditions were harsh and harmful which formed the child labor laws Today children are not able to work until certain age Women s Labor Force Participation o The Changing Occupational Structure o Did cooking and cleaning outside of the home like trading garments o Middle class women took care of the home while lower class women had to go to work They typical homemaker mother and working father only applied to middle class Caucasian families but today most women also still work to contribute to the family Family Work At Home The division of household labor o Household Labor in general the unpaid work done to maintain family members and or a home Differs in the type of home the amount of children personalities and every home have different standards of household labor o Routine Household Labor Nondiscretionary routine tasks that cannot be postponed such as cooking washing dishes or cleaning Things that almost need to happen every day Cooking dinner every day Women engage in this labor more than men o Occasional Labor Household tasks that are more time flexible and more discretionary such as household repairs yard care or paying bills More of an option to put them on the side and do them later Paying pills once a month Don t need to paint house this summer could do it next summer Men engage in this labor more than women Explanations for the Gendered Division of Labor o Time Availability Perspective Suggests the division of labor is largely determined by the need for household labor and each partner s availability to perform household tasks Based just on time This perspective doesn t explain why full time mothers do more labor Juggling Work and Family Life Conflict overload and spillover o Relative Resources Perspective The greater the relative amount or value of resources contributed by a partner the greater is his or her power within the relationship which can then be translated into bargaining to avoid tasks such as housework that offer no pay and minimal social prestige If you have more income them you have more bargaining power Even though a mother works full time and brings in 50K a year and a father who works full time and brings in 100K a year the father has more value to workplace and resources and has more power Reward himself by more time to himself so mom has to do more labor to make up for that o Gender Perspective Doing Gender It s a woman s job to cook and clean So she should be doing that She also shouldn t be outside mowing the lawn because that s a masculine thing so the man does it Based on genetics environments society etc o Work Family Conflict A form of tension under which people feel that the pressures from paid work and family roles are incompatible in some way Parents may feel overload of work Such as they have to stay extra at office to do paperwork but also need to be home to do child s homework when they get home Feel that pressure they don t get paid for the things they do at home but do outside o Role Overload Feeling overwhelmed by many different commitments and not having enough time to meet each commitment effectively Example you are a student you are an employee a family member a girlfriend a sorority sister etc All these have different roles o Spillover An occurrence caused by the demands involved in one sphere of work carrying over into work in another sphere Work issues can affect the home or home issues can affect your work If children are late for school then that makes you late to work Who s Minding The Kids Preschool age children o Daycare Centers Nonresidential facilities that provide childcare Business facilities certain staff to student ratio They have a set of standards expectations rules children interact with other children Drawback include that child may not get one on one time also catch a lot of colds and sicknesses o Family Childcare Providers Private homes other than the child s home where childcare is provided Not at the child s home Such as a neighbor who watched like three children Has a license More flexibility lower staff ratio leads to more one on one attention That person does not have another person to relieve them from the children and may not ensure that the person is doing what they said that are doing Taking a risk of leaving child all day with another adult o Nannies Babysitters Non relatives that provide childcare in the home Provide childcare in your home You are their boss they follow your routine Negative is that you are leaving child alone with another adult and may not know what is actually going on School age Children o Self Care Children who are unsupervised and taking care of themselves Depends on the age of the child The age has increased Effects of childcare on children s well being Chapter 15 Power and Violence in Marriages and Families Types of Power Coercive Power o The power that individuals have to punish another individual to force them to do something with the threat of power Reward Power Expert Power o When they have the power to reward someone o Individual has over another person when they have expertise over the individual Such as a professor has lots of education on a topic and is able to teach a classroom of students on that topic Informational Power o Power that a person has information that another person does not have Such as blackmail on a negative sense Also could be I heard an informational lecture on how smoking is bad for you and this is the type of information I would like to share with you Don t have to be an expert Referent Power o An individual does not have power and gives in to the authority We might have referent power to the president of the United States because we know he has the office and refer for him to make the decisions Legitimate Power o Type that is given to an individual by body entity or person If you are a police officer you are given the power by the state of Florida to enforce laws


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FSU FAD 2230 - Chapter 14: Families and The Work They Do

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