FAD2230 STUDY GUIDEExam 1 (ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)CHAPTER 1• Family: relationship by blood, marriage, or affection, in which members may cooperate economically, may care for children and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group. o Family Orientation: the family that you are born into o Family of procreation: the family you make through marriage, partnering, and/ or parenthood.• Fictive kin: nonrelatives whose bonds are strong and intimateo Ex: relationships among unmarried homosexual or heterosexual partners, or very close friendso can provide important services and care for individuals, including financial assistance, or help through life transitions such as birth of a child or divorce. • Marriage: an institutional arrangement between persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds.• Socialization: teaching children the rules, expectations, and culture of the society in which they live. • Social Structures: patterns of social organization that guide our interactions with others.• Micro-level: concentrating exclusively on individuals’ interactions in specific settings.o People who use this perspective focus on individual uniqueness, personal decision making, and interactions between small groups of people in specific situations.o Ex: if you were taking micro-level perspective on family problems you might conclude that divorce would be reduced by teaching couples better communication skills.• Macro-level: examines the way marriages, families, and intimate relationships are interconnected with the rest of society and with other social institutions. • Social institution: major sphere of social life, with a set of beliefs and rules organized to meet basic human needs.• Status: social position(s) that we occupyo Ex: you may be a daughter or son, a student, an employee, a friend and a roommate.• Master Status: status that tends to dominate the others.o Each of us have several master statuses each with a set of privileges or constraints. o Sex, race, ethnicity, and social class represent some of the major organizing constructs in our society. • Human Agency: ability of human beings to create viable lives, even when they are constrained or limited by social forces• Monogamy: marriage pattern that consists of only two people.o Found widely, although not exclusively, throughout the world.• Polygamy: allows either a husband or wife to have more than one spouse at a time.o Polygyny: a husband can have more than one wife. illegal in the U.S., but about 37,000 American families who practice this, primarily in western states. o Polyandry: where one wife is married to multiple husbands. Rare and most likely to occur in societies that experience harsh environmental conditions where poverty is wide-spread such as India. • Patriarchy: means “rule of the father,” the expectation is that men have natural right to be in positions of authority over women. • Matriarchy: form of social organizations in which the power and authority is society would be vested in women.o this is referred to as a “theoretical alternative” because no known cases of true matriarchies have ever been recorded.• Egalitarian: the expectation is that power and authority are equally vested in both men and women.• Bilateral: Descent that can be traced through both male and female sides of the family. • Patrilineal: a decent pattern where lineage is traced exclusively (or at least primarily) through the man’s family line. • Matrilineal: a decent pattern where lineage is traced exclusively or primarily within women’s families. • Neolocal: expectation that a newly married couple establishes a residence and lives there independently • Patrilocal: expectation that a newly married couple with live with the husband’s family. o families in other parts of the world practice this. • Matrilocal: expectation that a newly married couple will live with the family of the wife. o Less common that patrilocal • Nuclear Families: comprised of adults and their children. • Extended Families: comprised of parents, children, and other relatives such as grandparents.• Companionate family: based on mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility, and personal happiness emerged.• Empirical approach: answers questions through a systematic collection and analysis of data. • Survey: used to gather information about attitudes or behaviors through the answers that people give to questions.• Random Sample: key to being able to generalize your survey findings. o Allows every “person of interest” an equal chance of being selected for your research study.• In-depth interviews: research method that allows an interviewer to obtain detailed responses to questions.• Experiment: a controlled method for determining cause and effecto Used often in evaluation research of psychological research, which may ask questions.• Focus group: obtains information from a small group of people who are brought together to discuss a particular topic. • Observational Studies: research method that goes into the natural setting an observes people in action. • Secondary Analysis: data were collected for some other purpose but still are useful to the researcher.• Quantitative research: focuses on data that can be measured numerically• Qualitative research: Narrative description with words rather than numbers to analyze patterns and their underlying meanings. • Theory: general framework, explanation, or tol used to understand and describe the real world.o Structural Functionalism Theory: attempts to determine the structure systems, functions, and equilibrium of social institutions.o Conflict Theory: emphasizes issues surrounding social inequality, power, conflict, and social change. How these factors influence, or are played out in familieso Feminist Theory: gender is seen as the central concept for explaining family structure and family dynamics.• Focuses on the inequality and power imbalances between men and women and analyzes “women’s subordination for the purpose of figuring out how to change it”• Recognizes that gender is a far more important organizing concept than sex because the former represents a powerful set of relations that are fraught with power and inequality. o Women do more household work
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