FAD Ch 14 18 Final Exam Review CHAPTER 14 FAMILY WORK Macro level perspective what s going on in the US Micro level perspective what s going on within each family The Changing Dynamics of the workplace o Early America colonial times work included everything you would do for your needs Family based economy whole family contributed to making the home o Trends in Child Labor Family wage economy someone earned a pay and exchanged for goods services needed for the home Child Labor laws Mandatory public education not forced into the labor market o Women s Labor Force Participation Early America women worked at home and had some side jobs sewing Industrial period middle class women stayed home low class women had to work Employment Status of Mothers by Marital Status 1970 2007 o Mothers that are widowed divorced or separated not having significant others Have always worked more than others o Unmarried mothers there was an increase from 1990 2000 o In 2007 the majority of mothers work for pay 80 Other Small decrease from 2000 to 2007 could be from the recession 69 Married 71 Single Mother s Employment by age of youngest child by race o When children are young mothers work less than when they re older after age 6 o Hispanic population by 6 17 percentage is lower Generally work outside the home less Attitudes about mothers working outside the home o 41 of all adults say it s a bad thing o 32 no difference o 22 good thing o Working moms say that working outside of the home is a bad thing they understand the stresses Family Work At Home o Division of Household Labor Household labor the unpaid work done to maintain family members and or a home Routine Household Labor nondiscretionary routine tasks that can t be postponed such as cooking washing dishes or cleaning Cooking needs to be done everyday Women engage more Occasional Labor household tasks that are more time flexible are more discretionary such as household repairs yard care or paying bills Not mandatory Men engage more o Who takes the most responsibility 41 men does or shares equally with partner 73 women says they do the 49 men does or shares equally with partner 67 women say they do the 1992 childcare 2008 childcare Both men women over exaggerate how much work they do 1992 2008 34 men cook or shares equally 75 women cook 56 men cook or shares equally 70 women cook o Men are increasing the amount of housework but women aren t acknowledging the increase o Leisure Time Fathers report an extra hour or two of leisure compared to mothers Married mothers fully employed get 2 9 hrs of leisure Married fathers fully employed get 3 7 hrs of leisure o Explanations for the gendered division of labor Time availability Perspective suggests the division of labor is largely determined by the need for household labor each partner s availability to perform household tasks Mothers who are part time workers or full time stay at home moms Relative Resources Perspective the greater the relative amount or value of resources contributed by a partner the greater is his or her power within the relationship which can then be translated into bargaining to avoid tasks such as housework that offer no pay minimal social prestige The higher salary the more power Gender Perspective Doing Gender it s a woman s job to cook clean shouldn t be outside or doing manual labor doing things based on our biology or culture Juggling Work Family Life o Conflict overload spillover Work family conflict a form of tension under which people feel that the pressures from paid work family roles are incompatible in some way Role Overload feeling overwhelmed by many different commitments not having enough time to meet each commitment effectively different roles as an individual Spillover an occurrence caused by the demands involved in one sphere of work carrying over into work in another sphere Work issues can effect things at home or vise versa o 41 of women in 1977 45 of women in 2008 feel conflicted with work family o 35 of men in 1977 59 of men in 2008 feel conflicted with work family Work family conflict is more common in men o The Preferred work status of mothers 1997 2007 Mothers seem to favor part time over full time work stay at home moms are satisfied Who s Minding the Kids o Preschool Age Children Daycare Centers nonresidential business facilities that provide childcare Certain staff to child ration set of standards rules staff relieves other staff Children can catch colds illnesses Family Childcare Providers private homes other than the child s home where childcare is provided Ex childcare provided by a neighbor or family member Needs license more flexibility lower staff ratio more one on one attention Taking a risk since no one else is supervising Nannies Babysitters non relatives that provide childcare in the home You re their boss they follow your rules o Overall adults prefer relative care family member and organized care o Cost of childcare is more than relative care family home care is less expensive o Day care centers charge more for infants and less if they are potty trained Depending on where you live child care could differ o School Age Children Self care children who are unsupervised taking care of themselves People aren t ok with self care so age is usually 12 yrs old Effects of childcare on children s well being Research is inconsistent Children that go to childcare learn more social skills Daycare centers are among the safest place for children s care o 1 of fatalities 11 of serious injuries o Due to multiple staff and rules regulations o Most of fatalities serious injuries family daycare 1 adult caring for 4 5 children and no one to relieve them CH 15 POWER VIOLENCE Types of Power Marital Power relationship o Coercive Power power individuals have to punish another individual to force them o Reward Power power someone has to reward someone with money attention etc o Expert Power power individual has over another person when they have expertise Ex professor has expert power over student o Informational Power power you have when you have information someone else doesn t have Ex blackmail I heard on the radio smoking is bad for you so I come home and tell you You don t have to be an expert but you heard or read that type of information o Referent Power power that an individual who doesn t have very much power gives to someone with authority Ex President of US we referred to him o Legitimate Power given to someone by another particular body entity or person Ex if
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