FAD 2230 Dr Greene Test 2 1 Chapter 7 Building Relationships Singlehood Legal term unmarried vs social term 4 types 1 Voluntary temporary unmarried adults who may be delaying marriage to pursue education or establish career ex college students 2 Voluntary stable unmarried adults desiring an unmarried lifestyle ex nun 3 Involuntary temporary singles actively searching for a mate but are unable to find a suitable mate Involuntary stable unmarried adults who can expect to be single for life even though they may not want to be ex widow who is not actively seeking a mate 4 Friendships Sex differences Women more intimate w friends Men more likely to participate in activities w friends Social Class and Race Ethnicity Working class has longer lasting friendships than the middle class reason tend to live work in the same area are less competitive w coworkers Friendships Between Men Women Can Men Women Be Just Friends Men are less likely to say men women can just be friends w o any romantic feeling Dating Courtship Mate Selection Courtship in Early America Very formal and supervised by parents Calling a dating practice of the 18th and 19th centuries in which a young man would visit a young woman in her parents home Industrialization Consumerism the Emergence of Dating Vehicles invented couples can have privacy More similar to typical modern dating that we think of Macro Influences Gender Dating Social Class Race Ethnicity private clubs Dating scripts set of expectations around dating that are somewhat different for men women ex dressing up for a date man pays for the 1st date Upper class tries to encourage dating only w in upper class debutante balls Micro View Who Do We Date Where Do We Meet Dating trends correlation between more dating and higher self esteem Who Do We Date people similar to ourselves Homogamous relationship relationships in which we spend most of our time w people who are very similar to ourselves ex college students are more likely to date another student or a college graduate Propinquity geographical closeness Pool of eligibles group from which we are likely to choose our mates Heterosexual Cohabitation Cohabitation arrangement in which 2 people live together w o being married Who Cohabits everyone Cohabitation Marriage More likely to get a divorce if you live together before marriage Selection effect group selected have traits that explain correlation ex the type of people who cohabit are the type who are more likely to split up if a marriage isn t working Individuals cohabiting are more independent ex have separate bank accounts Barriers to divorce factors likely to inhibit divorce ex kids or shared bank account Cohabitation Children Not necessarily better or worse for children Optimal environment for children 2 married biological parents The more resources a child has the better Chapter 8 Love Loving Relationships Love a strong affection for one another arising out of kinship or personal ties or the attraction based on sexual desire Attachment Theory the way in which infants form attachments early in life will affect their relationships throughout later life Mary Ainsworth Attachment in Children Secure attachment where infants feel safe when their mothers are out of sight might be anxious when she leaves but can be easily comforted Anxious Ambivalent attachment where infants become nervous when their parent leaves the room can show rejection upon return of mother Avoidant attachment where infants show little attachment to primary parent Adult Romantic Relationships Correspond to Child Attachments Secure easy to get close to maintain relationships with Anxious Ambivalent need constant reassurance in relationship Avoidant have a hard time committing to relationships Critique of Attachment Theory There is way to much time between childhood and adult life traumas significant life events can alter adult romantic perspectives Love in History Ancient mythology did not associate love w marriage Early Christianity did not associate love w marriage 12th century Middle Ages some precursors to love courtly love adoration of women Contemporary Ideas Romance Romantic love characterized by passion melodrama excitement often portrayed in media Companionate love grows over time based on strong commitment friendship trust Biological Chemical Perspectives Sociobiology evolutionary theory that all humans have an instinctive impulse to pass on their genetic material Biochemical Approaches to Love Biochemical perspective theories that suggest humans are attracted to certain types of people at which point the brain releases chemicals that give us a rush FAD 2230 Dr Greene Test 2 3 Theoretical Perspectives Micro Level Steinberg s Triangular Theory love has 3 main elements and when a relationship has all 3 it is considered a consummate love 1 Intimacy 2 Passion 3 Commitment names trusting John Lee s Styles of Love describe how couples are attracted to one another using Greek 1 Eros passionate contains a strong physical attraction 2 Storge grows slowly over time and is companionate respectful loving 3 Pragma practical sensible ex a political or financial marriage 4 Ludus playful carefree casual no commitment puppy love 5 Agape altruistic kind patient 6 Mania obsessive possessive intense Reiss s Wheel Theory developmental theory that shows relationships moving from the establishment of rapport to self revelation mutual dependence finally need fulfillment Moves like a wheel stages may be experienced many times rolling frontward backward Macro Level Controlling the development of love perspective suggesting that all societies control or channel love in some way India arranged marriages are very common How We Experience Love Sex Gender Love Men are more likely than women to be in or looking for a committed relationship Men report falling in love sooner w more people than women Men are more preoccupied love than women Unrequited love when one person s feelings are not reciprocated by the other person in the relationship Downside to Relationships Love Jealousy rational irrational Irrational jealousy can come about from our own insecurities Men are more likely to deny their jealous feelings while women are more likely to acknowledge them Breaking Up influenced by a host of micro and macro level factors Many times relationships end for the same reason that initially attracted someone to the relationship ex someone who is really funny at first may eventually come to seem like they can t take
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