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Unit 3 Book Outline Ch 11 Family Stress and Crisis The Nature of Stress and Crisis Crisis a critical change of events that disrupts the functioning of a person s life Family stress tensions that tests a family s emotional resources o Alarm reaction immediate changes in neurological and physiological o Normative nonnormative o Acute short term chronic long term Responses to Stress General Adaptation Syndrome GAS states fight flight o Resistance maintains elevated state of alert o Exhaustion The Social Readjustment Rating Scale A point system that links between life events and health Patterns of Family Crises 1 The event that causes the crisis 2 The period of disorganization that follows 3 The reorganization after Coping or Not The ABC X Models A initial event causing the crisis B resources a family has to meet demands C meanings family ascribe to event X outcome depends on combinations Double ABC X a single event may cause multiple effects o Also family life changes and transitions and perceptions of after math Violence among Intimates Conflict Tactics Scale Some studies show that men more likely to be victims of physical aggression but women are actually more likely Native Americans Alaska are the most likely to experience this Asians are least likely to be raped Women particularly vulnerable when pregnant Types Femicides killings of females o Common couple Violence in argument one lashes out Less frequent o Intimate terrorism violence stemming from control More likely to less likely to escalate escalate o Violent Resistance women most likely to experience this o Mutual violent control both partners Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Visual injuries stress immune system affects endocrine system depression anxiety sleep problems self esteem behave in unhealthy ways Coping with Violence Women stay in abusive relationships because of Learned Helplessness have low self esteem and feel they cant control the abuse o Most women do not stay in abusive situations o Leaving is a process Control tactics blaming the victim if you weren t so stupid inducing shame lowering self esteem you re an idiot and everyone thinks so financial dependency threatening retaliation exploiting love and hope exploiting commitment must endure marriage creating fear of abandonment All the above can contribute to battered women s syndrome which is a sub category of PTSD Violence in Homosexual Relationships Rates similar to homosexual or even higher no less serious Dating Violence Rape and Sexual Assault Least likely to be reported 60 unreported Most know the attackers most likely intimate partners women College 80 know each other Usually people who sexually assault have a normal personality those who rape have a different personality Use of date rape drugs Child Abuse Neglect Results in injury and violates social normal Neglect most common and then physical abuse sexual assault Blacks most likely to be abused Asians least likely Highest rate between birth and 1 year old female blacks Neglect failure to provide for child s basic needs o Physical emotional psychological Physical hutting kicking physical injury Psychological maltreatment destroys child s self esteem threatening Sexual abuse sexual gratification exhibition porn degrading Corporal Punishment spanked Most agree with it moms more likely to spank boys most likely to be Blacks support this the most Detrimental suffer from depression hit others Parents most common abusers Young parents most likely single parents most likely Consequences health problems disorders emotional scars Trafficking Most extreme form Used as housekeepers prostitutes marriage labor organs sex Elder Abuse Explanations Micro level Macro level Same as above plus caregiver neglect and financial material gratification Financial most common o The Intergenerational Transmission of Violence learn norms by observing others family of orientation cycle passed down to dependents o Stress great deal of stress more likely o Patriarchy most likely when men considered dominant like in japan o Cultural norms can support violence o Norms of Family Privacy violence is socially isolated The Law Domestic violence shelters almost none for men Treatment programs Ch 12 The Process of Divorce Divorce in the US 1 3 people have been divorces Crude divorce rate rate of divorce per 1000 people o In the US 3 4 divorces per 1000 people Refined divorce rate number of divorces per 1000 married women o 16 9 divorces per 1000 women Historical Trends 1800s divorce on the grounds of cruelty which meant women trying to break out of traditional subordinate role o ex refusing to do domestic chores 19th century divorce rate began to rise o 63 failure on husband s failure to fulfill Divorce rate peaked in 1946 at 18 per 1000 married o High rate of marriage during the 1940s o Then divorce dropped to 9 Domesticity Rose again in 1960 1970 23 1000 now it s at 17 1000 Why Micro level factors o Parental Divorce intergenerational transmission of divorce Children model parents behavior sometimes experience negative long term consequences o Age at marriage marry younger higher risk of divorce o Parental Status couples who have children are less likely o Nonmarital childbearing higher risk o Sex of children couples who have sons are less likely to divorce o Race Ethnicity Hispanics and Asians are the least likely blacks are o Education lower levels are more likely However women with more Fathers more engaged the most likely education are more likely o Lower income divorce more common o Degree of similarity between spouses less likely to divorce if similar interracial more likely o Age rises during adulthood and declines as the couple ages o Level of socioeconomic development less developed countries have Macro lower rates dependent o Religion divorce laws o Women s status and employment more likely if economically o Attitudes before were stigmatized and divorcee had a sexually suggestive connotation now less stigmatized o Boys are less likely to think that they will stay in marriage for life o More people now oppose divorce more than a generation ago younger adults want divorce to be more restricted o Blacks more likely to favor restrictive divorce o Before more educated women wanted divorce to be easier now believe should be more difficult This is known and the education crossover o Utility of divorce women with less education want to marry to increase financial prospects Experiencing Divorce Divorce is a process Couples who


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FSU FAD 2230 - Family Stress and Crisis

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