FAD chapter 1 fams have changed colonial America fams were businesses schools churches and acted as correctional health and welfare institutions Did everything together made what they needed served as their own economy School was at home Other family members served as correctional ship off to uncles for discipline o African americans and slavery Industrialized and urbanized America separate work and home life waves of immigration when grocery store shopping started and buying things instead of making them began o Start to see separation of classes farmers and businesses men poor working class middle upper men go to work women stay at home middle class reality Modern America video conferencing makes it easy to work at home Everyone needs to work to make a living Studies show that ppl who work from home feel less work stress and feel more productive We now have to pay for things children used to learn at home Spanish violin lessons 1950 Leave It To Beaver tv show perfect family bc white no step kids dad sits higher than mom kid sits on moms lap divorce didn t exist 1970 Brady Bunch their picture is equal as far as gender roles they are a step family but you wouldn t know it no child support issues or custody issues There was a lot more divorce at this time in life 1980 The Cosby Show they re black Mother and father sit at equal heights and both have high education but are equal 1990 Friends Not married but living with each other sharing jobs acting like a family Showed females carrying out family roles like having kids but as a single mom and having casual sex 2000 The Osbournes that red haired old lady with the accent rockstar showed actual real conflict not scripted 2015 shows that characterize todays life Kardashians Modern Family Duck Dynasty Kinds of American households 23 5 are married couple fams with children under 18 25 8 ppl live alone 28 2 no children married couples or past age of raising kids unmarried couple 5 2 7 2 female headed single parent fams 2 1 male headed single parent Apparently kids stress couples the most but it isn t fair to say that couples with no kids are much happier they argue bc they come from different families and different cultures and try to mesh that to raise one child together Definition of a family Burgess and Locke 1945 group of persons united by ties of marriage blood adoption constituting a single household interacting and communicating with each other in their respective social roles husband wife mother and father son and daughter brother and sister and creating and maintaining a common culture Our textbook says Seccombe 2012 a relationship by blood marriage or affection in which members may 1 cooperate economically 2 care for future generations 3 consider their identity intimately connected to the larger group Types of family 1 family of orientation what you were born into 2 fam of procreation fam you make with your partners and friends and networks 3 fictive kin neighbors and friends who you consider to be a part of your family even cousins who seem to be at the level of sister and pets Functions of family regulation of sexual behavior reproduce and socialize children property and inheritance economic cooperation and provision define social placement status and roles care warmth protection and intimacy CHAPTER 2 social status sex and gender By calling children names like sweet pea or tiger based on gender we push our expectations onto them Who do we think of when we say ultra masculine The Rock vin diesel Usually play hero violent or gets lots of girls Ultra feminine kim Kardashian Different expectations as we age from superhero to father figure Sex biological characteristics male and female anatomy determined at birth Gender culturally defined attitudes and behaviors associated with and expected of the two sexes What it means to be masculine or feminine Gender role the expectations about appropriate masculine and feminine attitudes and behaviors defined by society does not necessarily correspond with one s sex Socialization process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes beliefs values and expectations Gender identity the degree to which an indiv Sees him or herself as feminine or masculine based on societys definition of appropriate gender roles We are born male and female bio sex Our place in history and culture defines what it means to be masculine feminine gender We gradually assume masculine and feminine characteristics gender role as part of the process by which we learn the ways of society socialization When we look at ourselves we might label oneself as masculine or feminine gender identity Gender roles agentic instrumental role traditionally masculine characteristics Communal expressive role traditionally feminine characteristics Androgyny an in between role have both characteristics Nature vs Nurture Heredity vs Environment Debated concerning how gender roles are acquired Do we learn them are we born knowing our roles Theories of Gender Socialization Ideas about how we get to know what gender we are and what behaviors we express Mostly based on early childhood developmental perspective Incorporate aspects of nature vs nurture Social Learning theory Learn from observing and imitate those around us Bandura 1977 children learn gender roles from parents siblings school and the media who serve as models for masculine and feminine behaviors Children imitate models and are rewarded for sex appropriate behavior Nurture Self Identification Theory Kohlberg 1966 child becomes aware of being either male or female around age 3 Children categorize themselves by identifying behaviors that are appropriate to their sex Children socialize themselves from available cultural materials Gender Schema Theory schema is an organized pattern of thought behavior Bem 1981 children develop a basis of knowledge about how girl and boys behave Once this framework is developed this schema influences how the child processes new info The child will retain gender consistent info easier than gender inconsistent info Weve been taught to ignore things that don t apply directly to ourlife ex Battle of the sexes game Chodorows theory of gender Chorodorow 1978 children develop a primary identification with their caregiver usually the mother Females develop an identity and model behaviors from their relationship with their caregiver Males do not identify with female caregiver and must separate early to develop their identity and characteristics
View Full Document
Unlocking...