Family Relationships Exam 3 Study Guide Chapter 11 Family Stress and Crisis Violence among Intimates o Crisis a critical change of events that disrupts the functioning of a person s life o Family stress tensions that test a family s emotional resources o Acute stress short term stress o Chronic stress long term stress o General Adaptation Syndrome GAS the predictable pattern one s body follows when coping with stress which includes the alarm reaction resistance and exhaustion o Social Readjustment Rating Scale a scale of major life events over the past 12 months each of which is assigned a point value the higher the score the greater the chance of having a serious medical event o ABC X Model a model designed to help us understand the variation in the ways that families cope with stress and crisis o Double ABC X Model a model designed to help us understand the effects of the accumulation of o stresses and crises and how families adapt to them Intimate partner violence violence between those who are physically and sexually intimate such as spouses or partners violence can be physical economic sexual or psychological o Conflict Tactics Scale a scale based on how people deal with disagreements in relationships o Learned helplessness the psychological condition of having low self esteem feeling helpless and having no control that is caused by repeated abuse o Battered Women s Syndrome a recognized psychological condition often a subcategory of post traumatic stress syndrome used to describe someone who has been the victim of consistent and or severe domestic violence o Date rape drugs drugs such as GHB or roofies that are used to immobilize a person to facilitate an o Child abuse an attack on a child that results in an injury and violates our social norms o Trafficking the recruitment transportation transfer harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion of abduction of fraud or deception of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation o Sex trafficking an industry in which children are coerced kidnapped sold or deceived into sexual assault encounters o Elder abuse abuse of an elderly person that can be physical sexual or psychological financial or material exploitation neglect Intergenerational transmission of violence a cycle of violence that is passed down to dependents o o Domestic violence shelter a temporary safe house for a woman with or without children who is escaping an abusive relationship Lecture o Types of Power Expert power have more knowledge Informational power based on having information but not necessarily being an expert Coercive power power to punish Reward power power to reward actions Referent power person without power is referring to them or giving it over to them Legitimate power power given by accreditation o Marital Power First studied in the 1950s Resource hypothesis the spouse with more resources has more power in marriage Blood and Wolfe Experiments Interviewed wives only 1 72 of families had a relatively egalitarian decision making structure 25 husbands made the decisions 3 wives made decisions Criticisms Different power domains Women food shopping cleaning Men housing jobs finances Having the power to make trivial decisions is not the same as having the power to make important ones Men tend to have more resources money education status physical strength alternatives to marriage Women tend to be most equal with men at the beginning of marriage Women s resources are diminished by first pregnancy and birth May take time off and lose income Dependent on males to be father and earner Have less energy to resist dominance of husband Resource theory doesn t explain everything Interaction of legitimate and resource power o Legitimacy and Resources Culture gives husbands absolute legitimate power Culture gives power husband has greater resources husband dominant Culture gives power husband has less resources husband dominant Culture does not give power husband greater resources husband probably dominant Culture does not give power husband less resources egalitarian marriage or wife dominant Husband has More Resources Ye s No Culture gives Husband Power No Yes Husband Dominant Husband Dominant Husband Dominant Egalitarian or Wife Dominant Most classes perceive that they have egalitarian marriages Middle lower classes economy forces both to work so they are equally dependent Working women are happier in marriages More financial freedom Psychosocial benefits praise love the couple s income Mutually economically dependent couples couples in which earn partner earns 40 to 50 of Women s resources may be increased in value caring emotional support warmth nurturing supply and demand because women work and are home less Equality between men and women may occur in overall society o Types of Couples Heterosexual married Heterosexual cohabitating Both are least egalitarian Lesbian more rationally focused Gay more competitive Homosexuals share domestic duties more o Types of Marriages Peer marriages at least 60 40 Near peer marriage influenced by arrival of children and maximizing income Traditional marriage husband dominant and wife is okay with it o Power and Intimacy 2 Intimacy is greatest when power is equal No power equal power in relationship Seek to negotiate and compromise not to win 1 1 2 1 1 3 Number 3 is the relationship o Power Politics How to exert power in a marriage Leaving threatening Withholding distancing Pouting sulking Infidelity Accumulation of power politics leads to loneliness and distance in marriage o Alternatives to Power Politics Partners take charge of separate domains May decrease intimacy Reinforces separateness Subordinate spouse disengages from powers struggles give up More powerful partner relinquishes some power to save or enhance the marriage best option All forms of abuse have at center the exploitation of a power difference o o Three Phase Cycle of Violence 1 Tension resulting from some minor altercation builds over a period of time 2 Situation escalates exploding into another violent episode 3 Violent person becomes contrite apologetic treating his her partner lovingly o Why Abusers Do It Feelings of powerlessness Lack of resources Insecurity Previous abuse Drugs and alcohol o Why Victims Put Up With It Fear Cultural norms Gendered
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