FAD2230 Exam 1 Study Guide CHAPTER 1 Families have changed Colonial America families were businesses schools churches correctional health and welfare institutions African Americans and slavery Industrialized and urbanized America separate work and home life waves of immigration poor working class middle and upper class Modern Family society were in now family is more nuclear Economy shapes the classes Definition of a Family Burgess and Locke 1945 Excludes gays step and friend families Seccombe 1945 a relationship by blood and marriage or affection in which members may cooperate economically care for children consider their identity Intimately connected to the larger groups Ex Pets FSU sororities Emphasis on how different people function to make it a family Types of Families Family orientation ex Mom Dad or Sister empty nest no kids at home Family of procreation you choose or create your family More say over than orientation Fictive Kin aunt uncle not related to you Functions of a Family Regulate sexual behavior Ex kids marriage partners parents with kids Reproducing and socializing children ex teaching how to act Property and inheritance ex use to pass down to males Economic cooperation and provision ex Kids cant provide for themselves so parents take care of them Social Placement status roles Ex know how to act because of your gender women cleaning Care warmth protection intimacy Ex need love and nice things said to you KEY TERMS Sex Biological characteristics male female anatomy determined at birth Gender culturally defined attitudes and behaviors associated with an expected of the 2 sexes What it means to be masculine and feminine Gender Role Expectations about appropriate masculine and feminine attitudes how our behaviors are defined by society Does not necessarily correspond with ones sexes Ex singles parents Socialization the process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes beliefs values expectations Ex Baby boy blue Gender Identity the extent an individual sees him and herself as feminine or masculine based on society s definition of appropriate gender roles Gender Roles Agentic instrumental role traditionally masculine characters Communal Expressive roles traditionally female characteristics Androgyny an in between role have both traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine characteristics Nature vs Nurture Hereditary vs Environment These are the debates concerning how gender roles are acquired Do we learn them Nurture Environment Are we born learning our roles Nature hereditary Theories of gender socialization Various ideas about how we got to know what gender we are and gender behaviors we express They are mostly based on early childhood developmental perspectives Bandura 1977 Children learn gender roles from parents siblings who serves as models for masculine and feminine behaviors Children imitate models and are rewarded for sex appropriate behavior Self Identification Theory Kohlberg child become aware of being male female around age 3 children categorize themselves by identifying behavior that are applies to their sex Children socialize themselves from available cultural materials Gender Schema Theory Bem 1981 children developed the schema influences how the child processes new information Once this framework is developed this schema influences how the child processes new information The child will retain gender consistent information easier than gender inconsistent information ex Boy Girl commercials Chodorow s Theory of Gender Children develop a primary identification with usual caregiver usually mother Females develop an identification and model behavior from their relationships with their caregiver Males do not identify with opposite sex characteristics and must separate early to develop their identify and characteristics of detachment and independence CHAPTER 2 AMERICAN FAMILIES IN SOCIAL COMPLEX Race Ethnicity Race implies a biological distinct group based on physical ft Scientific thinking rejects the idea that there are separate races distinguished by biological markers Race is a social construction What does ethnicity mean Ethnicity is national heritage language religion values Link between ethnicity and socio economical status Yearly income geological location Education values Within group diversity Within each racial category that there is diversity between the groups Caribbean and African blacks are different African American SES and Labor However a higher proportion of black children 32 than those of other ethnic groups line in property Black women have traditionally been employed African Americans marriage Blacks far more likely to never marry Married blacks have more egalitarian gender roles than whites High rate of incarceration poorer health and higher mortality has affected the fix ratio of African American men More than twice as likely as whites to suffer the death of an infant 68 4 if births in 2002 were to unmarried mothers family system is child kin networks extend beyond the nuclear family unit Latin Hispanic SES and Labor 29 of Latino children are poor education levels low 59 graduated high school because of strong work ethic females in workforce as likely as whites to be married but lower divorce rates because of catholism value of family cultural family values Catholic vales explain the high fertility rates Larger households than any other ethnic groups Lower infant mortality rates than whites wife during and after pregnancy is waited on Asian Islander SES and Labor Often termed modern minority because of strong educational attainment increase in rep in upper management and family incomes Lower divorce rates Power in families range from male dominance to egalitarianism Higher rates of interracial marriage Teens and non marital birth rates are very low sheltered Lower fertility rate feel responsible for how children turn out mom loses identity Lower infant mortality rates than whites Native American Increase in infant mortality rates health care Tend to marry at younger ages than blacks and whites education Higher rates of cohabitation living together not Christian Higher proportion of divorce Respect for elders because leaders and mentors White Families Privileged value privacy higher SES and higher education middle class traditional gender roles even when both work more likely to be a married couple less likely to have extended family living with them or take care of older family on average have lower fertility
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