Exam 3 Study Guide Chapters 11 14 missing 15 Chapter 11 Family Stress and Crisis Violence among Inmates The Nature of Stress and Crisis A family crisis whether positive or negative can upset all normal routines o Crisis a critical change or event that disrupts the functioning of the lives of one or more family members job loss arrival of a new baby o Distress negative stress o Eustress positive stress Some form quickly unexpectedly child gets hurt or wife leaves her husband while others evolve more slowly from family stress o Family stress the tensions that occur either within the family violence or alcoholism or outside the family coping with a hurricane or natural disaster o Family stress defers from other types of personal stress because events that affect one family member may ripple through the entire family Transitional stresses something that has to go with the stages of development o Stress can be normative or nonnormative o Normative such as adjusting to the family changes brought on by the arrival of o Nonnormative adjusting to the family changes brought on by caring for a child a new baby with a serious disability Stress may be acute or chronic o Acute short term cramming for an exam o Chronic long term having an abusive partner combining work and family or having a chronic illness Situational stress usually something that is not anticipated but results in material losses getting your car broken into Cultural stresses the ideas and beliefs about your race ethnicity can result in stress when moving to a new area and learning the norms of that society Nonambiguous you know the facts and all the answers to your questions regarding a situation your dog is sick and have to put it to sleep usually easier to deal with than ambiguous Ambiguous you do not know what happened why it happened or the answers to your questions someone goes missing Volitional stress caused by something that you wanted to do get your PhD you know that it is going to be stressful but you want to seek it anyways on your own Nonvolitional stress that was put onto you by something that you did not want to happen Isolated something that won t have any repercussions and you can work through it Cumulative one stress happens after the other stress upon stress personal stress mixed with stress from school and work Responses To Stress General Adaption Syndrome GAS the predictable pattern of one s body follows when coping with stress which includes the alarm reaction resistance and exhaustion o Alarm reaction the brain perceives a stressor and sends a message to the body resulting in immediate changes in neurological and physiological states so that the defensive forces of the body are mobilized for fight or flight Metabolism increases Hormone levels rise causing the feeling of anxiety o Resistance the body continues to battle the stressor by maintaining its elevated state of alert If it continues the immune system is weakened o Exhaustion chronic stress over long periods of time can be dangerous and lead to depression fatigue frequent headaches panic attacks insomnia and eating disorders The stressful situation must be controlled or alleviated for health to improve Patterns of Family Crises Three distinct phases in family crises 1 The event that causes the crisis 2 The period of disorganization that follows 3 The reorganization that takes place afterwards o Coping transformation process rom disorganization to reorganization the better sources you have the better you can adapt to a stressful situation Following the crisis the family may return to a level similar to where they were just before the crisis be strengthened by the crisis or they may become weakened by the crisis Most families experience a roller coaster which they experience the crisis and then use it to come back to normal level or function better Coping or Not The ABC X Models ABC X Model designed to help us understand differences in family coping during crisis o A the initial event causing the crisis graduation extramarital affair moving o B the resources a family has to meet the demands of the crisis social support money religious faith counseling o C the meanings families ascribe to the event human nature catastrophe God s will o X depends on the combination of ABC factors Double ABC X Model a model designed to help us understand the effects of the accumulation of stressors and crises and how families adapt to them o Double A refers not only to the initial event but also the family life changes and transitions that take place because of it o Double B includes both the family resources that they already had and the new coping resources the family obtains because of the stress or crisis o Double C takes into count not only the family s perception of the stressor itself but also their perceptions of the aftermath Maladaptation poor adaptation Adaptation coping with it Bonadaptation good adaptation Violence among Intimates Violence is a social problem First it affects a large number of people Second violence is not completely random we can detect particular patterns and risk factors for both victims and perpetrators Third the causes consequences and solutions of violence must address its macro level dimensions Intimate partner Violence Intimate partner violence refers to violence between those who are physically and sexually intimate The violence can encompass physical economic sexual or psychological abuse Conflict tactics scale CTS a scale based on how people deal with disagreements in relationships CTS found that men are more likely to be victims of physical aggression than women are Men are less likely than women to remember their own acts of violence and they may not perceive their acts as abusive Women are more likely to experience the most extreme forms of violence Men are more likely commit acts of sexual violence or aggression Women are far more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence than men Frequency of Intimate Partner Violence Women are two to three times more likely than men to report that an intimate partner threw something at them pushed grabbed or shoved them Women are 7 to 14 times more likely to report that they had been beaten up chocked tied down threatened with a gun or had a gun used on them Native Americans and Alaska Natives are most likely to suffer abuse including rape Asian Americans are least likely to be raped Femicides the killing of women intimate partners perpetrate one to two thirds of pregnancy
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