Family Development Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 11 12 09 2013 Family Stress and Crisis Violence among Intimates Power and Violence in Marriages and Families What is power Who has power Who doesn t have power Types of Power Coercive Power Reward Power o Power individuals have to punish another individual to force them to do something with the threat of punishment o Opposite of coercive power o Power the individual have the ability to reward someone o Monetarily praise affection attention o Individual has of a person when someone has expertise in a Expert Power certain area o Professor over students Informational Power o Power you have when someone has information the other person doesn t have o Could be blackmail o Or hear over the radio about smoking heard info and told other person Referent Power o Type of power an individual who doesn t have power gives to a person in more authority o We have referent power for the President of the US Legitimate Power o Type of power given to someone by another body person or o Police Officer given power by the state of Fl to arrest other entity people Marital Power First studied in the 1950 s Blood and Wolfe interviewed wives only and asked about who has power to make decisions in the relationship Resource hypothesis the spouse with more resources has more power in marriage What resources do spouses bring o Men paychecks supporting the family protection o Women love caring nurturing cooking and cleaning Study Results o Most families 72 had relatively egalitarian decision making structure o 25 Husbands made decisions o 3 Wives made decisions Criticisms of Study o What domains men and women have power over o Women food shopping cleaning o Husbands where they live jobs finances o Having the power to make trivial decisions is not the same as having the power to make important ones Resources and Gender Men tend to have more resources o Money o Education o Status o Physical strength o Alternatives to marriage Bachelors Larger pool of eligible s aka younger women Okay for them not to have children Pursue their career Women tend to be most equal with men at the beginning of the marriage First pregnancy and birth diminishes women s resources o Female may take time off and lose income o Dependent on males to be father and earner o Have less energy to resist dominance of husband Culture Resources and Gender Resource theory does not explain everything Culture gives husbands absolute legitimate power Interaction of legitimate and resource power Legitimacy and Resources Culture gives power husbands greater resources husband Culture gives power husbands less resources husband dominant dominant Culture does not give power husband greater resources Culture does not give power husband less resources egalitarian husband probably dominant marriage or wife dominant Power and Social Class Most classes perceive that they have egalitarian marriages o Upper class least likely to be egalitarian Why would middle class marriages be egalitarian o Probably likely that both partners have to work so if both resources are vital to the family they will both have power Why would lower class marriages be egalitarian o Same with middle class Future of Marital Power Working women are happier in their marriages o More financial freedom o Psychosocial benefits Go to work develop their own identity Mutually economically dependent couples o Couples in which each partner earns 40 to 50 of the couples Women s resources may be increase in value income o Caring o Emotional support o Warmth o Nurturing Equality between men and women may occur in overall society Four Couple Types Heterosexual married Heterosexual cohabitating Lesbian and Gay Married and cohabitating heterosexuals least egalitarian Gay and Lesbian share domestic duties more including child rearing Gays more competitive Lesbians more relationally focused Types of Marriages Peer marriages o 60 40 Near peer marriages o Influences by arrival of children and maximizing income Traditional marriages o Husband dominated but wife okay with it Power and Intimacy Intimacy is greatest when power is equal No power equal power in relationship Seek to negotiate and compromise not to win Power Politics How do spouses exert power in a marriage o Leaving threatening o Withholding distancing o Pouting sulking o Infidelity marriage Accumulation of power politics leads to loneliness and distance in Alternatives to Power Politics Partners take charge of separate domains o May decrease intimacy o Reinforces separateness Subordinate spouse disengages from power struggles More powerful partner relinquish some power to save or enhance the marriage Family Violence difference All forms of abuse have at their center the exploitation of a power Child abuse elder abuse husband abuse Dating violence domestic violence sexual coercion Three phase Cycle of Violence Tension resulting from some minor altercation builds over a period Situation escalates exploding into another violence episode Violent person becomes contrite treating his her spouse of partner of time lovingly Why abusers Do It Feelings of powerlessness Lack of resources Any other explanations Insecurity Why Victims Put Up With It Fear Cultural Norms Love Economic Dependence and Hopes for Reform Gendered Socialization Childhood Experiences Low Self Esteem Types of Violence Intimate partner violence o Violence committed by spouses ex spouses or current or former boyfriends or girlfriends including same sex partners Patriarchal terrorism o Controlling the partner through fear and intimidation Common couple violence o Mutual violence with a specific argument Children and Violence Child Abuse o Emotional o Physical o Sexual Child Neglect Sibling Violence 1 800 96 ABUSE Florida Abuse Hotline Incest The Nature of Stress and Crisis person s life Crisis A critical change of events that disrupts the functioning of a o Stress and crisis are NOT the same thing Family Stress Acute Stress Short term stress Tensions that tests a family s emotional resources o Small things in dealing with children that are stressful but are a part of the whole raising children chronic stress Chronic Stress Long term stress o Ex raising children Ten most common family stressors o Finances and budgeting o Children s behavior o Insufficient time as a couple o Lack of shared responsibility in family o Communication with children o Insufficient time for me o Guilt for not accomplishing more o Relationship with spouse o
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