FAD 2230 Family Relationships A Lifestyle Development Approach With Dr Nari Jeter Exam 3 Study Guide Chapter 11 Family Stress Crisis Violence Among Intimates The Nature of Stress Crisis Family Stress tensions that test a family s resources Crisis a critical change of events that disrupts the functioning of a person s life Acute Stress short term stressors ex sickly or whiny children picky eaters Chronic Stress long term stressors ex having children in general Ten Most Common Family Stressors 1 Finances 2 Children 3 Insufficient time as a couple 4 Unshared responsibility in family 5 Communication with children 6 Insufficient me time 7 Guilt for not accomplishing more 8 Relationship with spouse 9 Insufficient family play time 10 Over scheduling family calendar Patterns of Family Crisis Three Distinct Phases 1 The event that causes the crisis 2 Period of disorganization that follows 3 Reorganization afterwards Ex divorce can be a type of crisis The process of divorce relocating emotional and filial ties etc is the time of disorganization The restructuring of lives following divorce would be the period of reorganization Five Patterns of the Effects of Stress Conflict on Family Functioning When crisis strikes in a family the stressors and conflict can effect the functioning of the family dynamic The graphs are listed in the book No Change in Functioning 15 constant functioning through crisis Increased Functioning 18 heightened functioning through crisis Decreased Functioning 5 decreased functioning through crisis Roller Coaster Functioning 51 decrease then increased functioning through crisis Mixed Functioning 11 a mixture of having increased decreased a plateaued functioning throughout the crisis process Coping or Not The ABC X Model a number of elements affect how a family fares in crisis A factors factors causing the crisis of initial event ex graduation affairs moving cross country B factors resources of family to meet the demands of the crisis ex social support money religion counseling etc C factors the meaning families ascribe to the event ex human nature catastophe God s will X factors the outcome Depends on the combination of the ABC factors The Double ABC X Model Accumulation of stressors or stressor causing multiple effects Double A the initial event as well as the family life changes and transitions due to the event Double B The resources the family has and the new coping resources gained through crisis Double C Perception of stressor and perceptions of the aftermath of crisis Violence Among Intimates Intimate Partner Violence violence between those who are physically and sexually intimate spouses and partners Violence can encompass physical economic sexual or psychological abuse Conflict Tactics Scale CTS non aggressive responses discussed calmly psychologically aggressive responses argumentative insults stomping away action done in spite physically aggressive responses threatening throwing objects swearing pushing grabbing slapping beating choking kicking knifing etc According to the CTS women are more likely to commit physically aggressive responses However men are less likely to remember their violent acts and are also less likely to view their acts as violent CTS only measures violence following an argument not random or purposeless acts of violence which is more frequently committed by males Also CTS does not measure sexual violence which is far more prevalent among men Common Couple Violence arises from argument At least one lashes out violently less frequent and less likely to lead to injury Intimate Terrorism violence motivated to control the other more likely to escalate and more likely to cause injury Violent Resistance non legal term for self defense Almost always women may indicate the woman may leave abusive partner in the near future Mutual Violent Control both partners are controlling in a violent battle for control Learned Helplessness Condition of having low self esteem feeling helpless and having no control that is caused by repeated abuse This is done by blaming the victim inducing shame lowering self esteem creating financial dependency isolating the civtim threatening retaliation exploiting love and hope exploiting commitment to relationship creating fear of abandonment Child and Elderly Abuse Child Abuse done through neglect of a child or breaking social norms of child care physical abuse psychological abuse or sexual abuse Elderly Abuse done through physical abuse psychological abuse financial and material exploitation and neglect Microlevel Explanations of Abuse Intergenerational transmission of violence Having been abused or witnessing crisis or abuse as a child and transferring it to later life Macrolevel Explanations of Abuse views on patriarchy viewing father s as omni powerful and justifying their abuse of power cultural norms support violence and norms of family privacy Chapter 12 The Process of Divorce U S Divorce Rates 40 50 divorce rate 50 of divorce from first marriage 65 from second marriages Calculation of Divorce Rates Crude Divorce Rate the number of divorces per 1 00 random people in a population sample Refined Divorce Rate a measure of divorce per every 1 00 married women in a sample population Reasons for Divorce Various factors bind marriages together economic interdependence legal social and moral constraints spouse s relationship Some of these binds are weakening Wives now in the labor force less economic dependency High expectations of marriage lead to disappointments Changed nature of marriage decreased social legal and moral constraints intergenerational transmission of divorce Remarried mates more likely to divorce Cohabitation more likely to divorce Premarital Pregnancy more likely to divorce Remaining Child Free more likely to divorce less ties Race and Ethnicity dependent Stepchildren more likely to divorce Age Difference 9 years more likely to divorce Divorcees Compared to Marrieds Lower levels of life satisfaction Generally more negative moods Poorer physical health More depressed Somewhat more inclined to suicide However those in unhappy marriages tend to be more depressed than divorces Getting the Divorce Emotional Divorce not saying I love you Legal Divorce assets children divided Community Divorce social network split or liquidized Psychic Divorce mentally going from I to we and then back to I Economic Divorce having to pay separate mortgages Economic Consequences Women lose in the case of economic consequences of
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