Final Study Guide migration Yellow Peril Led to Anti Chinese Sentiment What people called the Chinese Represented fear of Chinese and their Because their skin is yellow Had their own communities Thought they would introduce social vices like gambling drugs and prostitution Jobs that Chinese men took in US Railroad Railroad companies loved Chinese immigrants for the same reasons that white railroad workers hated them Chinese men worked for less money and more efficiently Laundry and domestic workers servants Filled in the role that lower class women would have filled had they made it to the West coast Social Vices Gambling halls opium dens US did not really care if it was just the Chinese doing these things It became a problem when white miners started getting involved in these activities Chinese Exclusion Act Allows immigrants that were in the US were there to stay but prohibited new immigrants from coming in Didn t have to leave but US made it obvious that they were not welcome As a result a lot of Chinese did end up leaving voluntarily o 1882 300 000 o 1900 90 000 Continued to outlaw citizenship for Chinese people even Chinese children born in the US Formative Wave Migration White Anglo Saxon Protestants W A S P From England were the only real white group Immigrants that believed they could start a new and better life and could create anything they wanted to if they were to move to America It was a blank slate Mainly western Europeans such as the British largest group Africans also came over during this time starting in 1609 but are not considered formative because they had no power This group of people set up America and defined the standard of what an immigrant was First Wave Migration First wave of non English Many settlers came to America to escape a problem in their home country Immigrants were not treated as fairly as the W A S P s Millions of people immigrated to America First wave included Irish Germans and Chinese Second Wave Migration New immigrants from southern and western Europe coming into the US for different reasons Italian immigrants one of the larger groups Polish Slavic Greek as well Japanese immigration and discrimination Enemy of US in WWII Revolutions of 1848 Ended principalities and kingdoms Bring freedom of speech and democracy to Italy Unify Italy move away from hereditary governments bring democracy to the people Italian Unification Wars were hard fought and bloody Although Italy was one country much of it was still divided economically socially and politically Northern Italy More industrialized wealthier and politically powerful than the south More interaction with other Europeans more cosmopolitan Multilingual married into German Austrian families Fairer skin Some even were protestant Mostly educated fairly middle class Owned most of the land in Italy entire country Southern Italians have to rent land from Northern Italian Because of this only about 1 2 of southern Italians can vote Northern Italians completely controlled gov t Heavy taxes on Southern Italians to build up the North Southern Italy Opposite of Northern Italians Couldn t vote because most rented their land Taxed Heavily None of their tax money came back to them Poor Treatment Northern Italian Migration 1860 10k Northern Italians that lived in America 1850 1880 80k more came Most of them were educated professionals merchants bankers factory builders Mostly economic pull factors to the United States First wave of Italian immigration much more assimilated into America Had fairer skin educated most bilingual and learned English they provided jobs and were positive community members Would bring money with them stereotyped as good immigrants Southern Italian Migration Very large migration 4 5 million in a 40 year time span View stereotypes of Italian immigrants came from this migration Migration Goals Phylloxera Grape vines that have been ravaged by a fungus Killed grape vines people couldn t make grapes or wine Citrus industry People don t have to ship oranges across the ocean anymore because they have a good source of them in the US Citrus industry in Italy collapses Padrone system Italian men would serve as a patron to help ease the process of immigration and get other Italians coming over jobs Little Italys Ethnic Enclaves Little Italy s Became a big pull factor for immigrants o Don t want Italians to come into their culture but Americans get mad at them because they keep to themselves o Americans feared that Little Italy s Were dangerous and unsanitary had diseases that would spread from the Italian population to the American population Mafia Myth Huge crime group made of Southern Italians with the intention of taking over the United States o Myth said that ALL southern Italian immigrants were in the mafia o Italian organized crime did exist but not in the same way that it was portrayed o Used for American officials to discriminate against Italian Americans Anti Italian Sentiment Culture Language Contributed to anti Italian sentiment Over time Italians learned to speak English with heavy accents Darker Skin Started to equate them with African Americans May not have been black but certainly not white Anti Italian Sentiment Religion Catholic Religion Southern Italians frequently mistreated by the organized church Catholic church in America dominated by Irish Americans who discriminated against Italians Anti Italian Sentiment Refusal to accept outside help They were embarrassed to ask for help if they were not good enough or can t provide for own family because asking for help caused dishonor Anti Italian Sentiment Labor and Politics Worked against Italian Americans Italian immigrants worked for less than other people would Irish Americans now fearing that Germans would come take their jobs Sacco and Vanzetti Two Italian American immigrants with loose connections to an Italian Anarchist organization Braintree mass 1920 The payroll of a shoe factory that Sacco worked at was robbed Sacco and Vanzetti arrested on little evidence Tried and found guilty the judge said I m glad justice was done to these anarchist bastards o No actual evidence connecting them to the crime A guilty criminal admitted to committing the crime His testimony was ignored Some evidence that Sacco might have known what was going on but Vanzetti had no idea pride o American Media covered this and used it to reinforce their power and International Media watched very carefully and realized the injustice that was going on
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