From Italy!Northern came in Formative Wave!•Southern came in Second Wave!•Unified in 1870!!North Italy vs Southern Italy!skilled, educated, cosmopolitan -Less cosmopolitan!• Protestant -Farmers, unskilled, didn't own land!•Light Skinned -85% were illiterate !•Industry -Backwards culture!•White collar labor -Catholic!•![Formative Italian Migration- Northern]!26,000 people- voluntary!•Light skinned, protestant w/ money !•Positive stereotypes, set bad stereotypes for Southern Italians!•NY, CA, FL!•Citrus, FL- Vineyards, CA- Groceries, NY **!•Northerns were only Italians in US for 100 years!•Model Immigrants!•![Southern Italians in Italy] !"Criminally inclined mongrels"!•The family !•Contadini & Day laborer, works land that someone else owns (catholic ◦church/ governments) !Family are only people you can trust !◦Amoral Familism- family is most important thing; keep up family name/honor. ◦"People are basically bad"!Men's honor!◦Vendetta: family fueds, "Romeo & Juliet"!‣-Women's honor: keeping her virtue, being a virgin!-"The showing of the sheets"!-If shunned: nunery or prostitution !Religion: Roman Catholicism !•Non-institutional catholic church !◦Prayer, daily relationship with God!◦"Magic"!•Good & Evil forces all the time, spiritual world!◦[Southern Italians in America]!Second Wave!•7 million Italians between 1880-1920!◦Same 4 blocks of NYC, Little Italy!◦Return Migration: US doesn't like this !•* Catholic Church is push factor !1880-70% practiced return migration, took $1 million from US back to Italy!◦Chain migration !•![[Italians don't have any money!Push factor: Roman catholic church!They end up in NYC- lower east side!They come in big numbers- 7 million!Stereotypes: negative- violent, criminals !Which kind of immigration did italians practice: chain migration and return]]!!Ethnic Enclaves (much like chinese) !•they act as if there are no laws in the US, among themselves there will be ◦division. Best at creating ethnic enclaves!They do not assimilate, there culture is still present in their everyday lives!◦!Southern Italians in America!They are not skilled laborers. The US wanted unskilled laborers due to •industrial revolution. !"Padrone"= an individual who comes from southern italy and when the boats •come to the docks, they hold signs and welcome new immigrants of the same area. They help people find jobs, a place to live. He will be on good terms with people working in factories. He will get you a better job than if you were to find one yourself. !he is in it for money. he gets 20% of your paycheck. !◦the job goes away in the 1920's, so the job isn't necessary anymore!◦Sweat Shops!•early sweat shop= a bunch of women in a room with hot coals for ironing. !◦after revolution the sweat shops become more sophisticated. !◦Children working in sweat shops- !‣very dangerous!a.not in school. Italians tell their kids they need to go to work. They do b.not trust public schools. children as young as 3 would work in a shop. Once your 8 years old and are a girl, you are brought out of the sweatshop. You want kids working in sweat shops because they can crawl in small places. !With about 15 people working together, italians could make 20$ a week!Mutual Aid Societies- form due to italians wanting to help eachother out. Even •though they are not trustworthy they need to find ways to help one another. !groups of people that come together (people from your same community/◦town that you are in good terms with) and help each other out. !all eat dinner together, live together (to save money). Live this way until ‣everyone has enough money for independence. !help educate children, help afford to bury a family member. !‣about 2,000 mutual aid societies. !‣**sort of a welfare system**!!Mafia- develop due to the mutual aid society. Only southern italians are in •mafia. (1920's)!Prohibition- southern italians have access to alcohol from other countries !◦Mafia Myth- created by the yellow press. Involves two different points:!•1) All southern italians are involved in organized crime!2)All organized crime is the mafia!***% of southern italians involved in the mafia= .0003%!Yellow Press- newspapers that make stuff up "National Inquirer" !•Al Capone- very famous figure. Guy that everyone knew, he was involved in •illegal activity. But no one could arrest him because he had people who would do things for him. He helped promote the mafia myth due to all his media !!Blue Collar workers- people who get in there and do stuff (firefigher ex) A lot •of southern italians partake in blue collar. !unions- allow them to go on strike, ask for better pay etc. !◦WW2 Internment- southern italians were put into interment camps for ww2. •happened to japanese also. Italians were looked at as a threat so they were put into war. !Frank Sinatra- helped out the Italians image. He provided entertainment. !•Rosie the Riveter- a southern italian laborer. also helped the italian image !•*The rate of assimilation and acculturation is based on where you live. Southern italians who live in the US today are a bit more institutional. They are still immigrating. Their criminal stereotype still persists. !!!!!
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