ItaliansItalians are most like the GermansBoth come to America in 1700’sthe difference between the Germans and the Americans is that The Americans did not treat the early arriving Italians the same as the later arriving ItaliansThe first wave of Italians came from Northern ItalyOnly about 90,000 northern Italians came in the early first waveThey also were very spread out; out of site out of mind for the WASPSNorthern Italians came from the cities that were north of Rome; Florence, Venice, MilanLooked at as being a place of cultureWASPS respected the northern Italians because of there history, culture, and artNorthern Italy has been involved in European affairs for a long timeThe WASPS have known the northern Italians for a long timeThe northern Italians has light skin, hair, and eyes, and usually protestantthey were a lot like the WASPSSaw the Northern Italians as being hard working, industrious, and decedents of the earlier RomansWASPS LOVED NORTHERN ITLAIANSloved them because of their culture, educated, hard working, industries, heir to roman empire, light hair, skin and eyes, and they were protestantPush Factors for Northern ItaliansThe states within Italy were constantly fighting against each other, and they wanted to get themselves and their families away from this chaos.they came with moneyAble to send their children to schools, start their own businesses, live in nice homesNorthern Italians: Formative Wave10,000 came to the USPhilip Mazzei- northern Italian; well educated; good doctor; became an advisor for Thomas JeffersonAdvocate for unification of ItalyThomas Jefferson used Philip Mazzei’s line “all men are created equal” in the US constitutionWent back to Italy after American RevolutionCreated the Washington DC the year after George Washington diedThomas Jefferson wrote to Philip Mazzei to ask to help build the capital buildingHe sent over two Italians, and they built the capital we still have todayItalians brought over new architecture and musicThe operaNorthern Italians: First Wave1820-1880 80,000 Northern Italians came during the first waveThe were glass blowers, doctors, lawyers, artists, businessmen, and artisans, cabinet makersSet up some of the most successful businessSettled all over the United StatesIn New York and California- became involved in the fishing industry and also opened Italian restaurantsCalifornia and Florida- became involved in the citrus industryalso involved in the wine industry (mainly in California)When Southern Italians begin arriving the WASPS dislike them because they don’t look like or act like the Northern ItaliansReview: 2nd wave ImmigrantsCome from Eastern or Southern EuropeRussia, Poland, Hungry, RomaniaThey are Roman Catholics, Eastern orthodox Catholics, and JewishUsually have never seen industrial equipment beforeDon’t even know how to write their nameNever seen trains, or shipsPull factor: needed cheap laborWilling to learn English and learn how to use industrial machinery and read and write English in order to get their families out of the poor conditions they lived inSouthern ItalyNot a good place to be in the 1800’sMajor cities:Rome- fits in more with the northern Stereotype, but geographically southern ItalyNaplesPalermoNot cosmopolitanVery few rivers in southern Italy; meaning there is very little water for irrigationThere was also very little good water to drinkUsed the same farming techniques as seen in the Medieval timesPrimitive TechniquesNorthern Italians did not like Southern ItaliansPush Factor: Unification/Poor GovernmentUnificationItaly became a unified country in 1870Southern Italians hated unificationMost southern Italians couldn’t vote because only 1-2% owned landWhen Italy was unified they promised they were gonna give land to the southern Italia peasants, but they liedNorthern Italians wanted to being industry to ItalyWanted to build a railroadThe railroad did not connect Northern to Southern to Italyit connected northern Italy to ParisThere were only schools in Northern ItalyOnly time the government remembered the southern Italians is when it came to taxesNone of the tax money went to the Southern ItaliansWanted to get away from this corrupt governmentStarvation was a major push factorThe rivers were very small and usually dried up in the summer; so there wasn’t a lot of water for irrigationDroughts lead to not enough food being grown to feed the peopleMost of the farming is done in the valley and when it rains it causes mud slides that ruin your cropsThey were always exhausted and hungryA lot of mash land in Southern ItalyDiseaseSouthern Italy was covered in marsh landMarsh lands were infested with mosquitoesMosquitoes were spreading Malaria and yellow feverMalaria is a disease you can never get rid of; when you body was weak it would come backThey water from the marshes would be infected with CholeraThe wells would be contaminatedMalaria and Cholera killed thousands of people each yearThey didn’t know where these diseases came from; so they didn’t know what they had to do to avoid contracting these diseasesSouthern Italy was the Malaria capital of Europe in the early 1900’sNatural disastersTwo active volcanoes in Southern ItalyMount Vesuvius- 1906 covered PompaeMount Etna on the island of Sicily- 1910When volcanoes erupts there are earthquakes and poisonous gasesA tidal wave hit MessinaKilled 100,000 people40 feet highTypical Southern Italian FamilyTwo important thingsYour immediate family and your communityFamily was the building block of your lifeLoyalty other than to their family was to their townSicily and southern Italy were always conquered!Distrust everyone except their family and their communitySouthern Italians: Catholic ChurchSouthern Italians do not treat the Catholic church like the Irish didIt was looked at like the government as being corrupt and non trustworthyNon- institutional Catholic- Only used the Catholic church for baptisms and funeralsBelieved the Catholic church was getting rich off of themHad to rent land from the church to supply for their familiesHas to pay your offerings each week to the churchPut their trust in saints rather than in priestsThey would pray to the saints and they saints would take their requests to GodBecame a client of that saint by wearing a necklace with some kind of charm for that particular saintNumber one person you could pray to was the Virgin MarryBelieve in MagicBelieved in the MalocchioEvil eyeYou could put a curse on someone by
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