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For hundreds of years, we didn’t even think of these people as immigrants. They were our best friends and white from the beginning.We liked them at first, then with WWI and WWII we sort of become enemies, then befriend them again.LARGEST IMMIGRANT GROUPAn Introduction58 Million Americans consider themselves of German Descent today, 17% of the population, and only outranked by the AfricansWhy are they the largest? Because they come in every single wave. Formative, first, second, and “don’t call it a wave” wave.No such thing as Germany until 1871, unify in one years. Before this, principalities, controlled by princes, and most of the people in these areas wouldn’t call themselves Germans, call themselves Saxon, Bavarian, etc.Diverse groups with Diverse reasons for comingPush and Pull factorsReligionsProtestantsCatholicsJewsNumbersSome waves in small numbers some in large numbers18th Century ImmigrationCalled the “Pennsylvania Dutch”Moved to PennsylvaniaStupid Americans misunderstood “Deutsche” as “Dutch”ReligionProtestant Religions :Amish, Quaker, Mennonite, Moravians. Weird, but still Protestant, because Pennsylvania is built for religions freedom of protestant religions.MoneyHave enough money to bring an entire family in better than steerage class.Numbers45,000 migratedHave lots of kids, and grows to 300,000, 7% by 1790 Census.LocationPennsylvaniaReligious TolerationSettle based on ReligionSeparate a little because they practice different traditions.Immigration of Families or groupsNot just family, but religion groupsGermantownsName their town after the town they come from. But if they come from different regions, then they just call it GermantownLifeDidn’t even acculturateLive exactly how they did in their town in Germany, WASPs don’t/can’t interfere because they don’t even know where these people are in Pennsylvania.PacifistsDon’t believe in war. Refuse to fight, refuse to sign petitions, swear an oath, and the only person you should swear your loyalty to is God.AbolitionistsAgainst slaves. Do not own slaves, don’t believe in the ownership of other people.Actually allow free blacks to join their church and community.Dirt FarmersMake crops only to take care of themselves, not to sellALSO, Beautify ugly pieces of empty land by growing crops, building nice little communities, pretty houses, and these become tourist destinations for the WASPs, who love these areas, and begin to grow jealous of these communities, then the WASPs will buy into the community for a LOT of money, then the Germans will move westward to keep away from the WASPs and then improve more land, and so the cycle continues.StereotypesThis first group sets up nice stereotypes for 19th century immigrantsWe love the Germans and adopt their traditions as AmericanApple Pie, Santa Clause, Beer, White Picket Fences, hamburgers, pretzels.Little immigration between 1795-1820 due to wars in Europe19th Century immigration – The first WaveCame in the same time as Chinese and IrishWho came?Largest group to come in during this time – 6 million from 1820-1914Diverse groupReligions – Catholic, Lutheran (protestant), and Jewish, about 33% eachClasses – Money? Some are rich, some poor, some middle classSome single immigrants, building bachelor societies and Families (upper and middle class since it takes money to move your whole family)Why do they leave?PoliticalRevolutions of 1848, nobles in the principalities run away form the wars in fear that their related prince would lose, and they would lose their money and lives. Can get out, because they have money. Voluntary immigrants.conscription laws – Even the upper class is forced to be in the army, so they leave.EconomicMore middle and lower classIndustrial Revolution – Their skills are unappreciated with the industrial revolution, so move to America, not as industrialized.Potato Blight – Worked on farms now affected by the potato blightTaxes – Wars are expensive, so these people bear that burden.ReligionMostly Jewish. Lots of Anti-semitism in EuropeWhy did they come to the USLooking for landGottfried Duden (1829)German/American immigrantLoved America so much, he wrote a pamphlet about America and sends it to Germany, telling them they should all come.Promotes land as being extremely cheap, the Midwest.There’s no WASPs here, the land is bountiful and fruitful and whatever.Transcontinental railroad, allows for free land, the US gives railroad companies 50 acres of land, who then gives it away so people will live near the railroads so there are customers and destinations for the railroad’s goods and travelersJobsWe’d rather hire a German over an African or Irish, any day.ImmigrantsCatholicsLower class,Protestants (Lutherans)Middle and upper class“48ers”Group of people with NO religious ties, tend to be Atheist, but culturally Jewish in a sense that they are non-practicing Jews.Come over and want people to understand their plight in Germany.Speak out a LOT against religion and politics.Other people call them Jewish, even though they don’t practice.Tend to be rich, and because they’re rich, they’re educated as well.LocationSettle based on religion/classMost classes share religionsUpper/Middle ClassSettle in the Midwest, build a “German triangle” spanning multiple states (but not yet states), with points at Cincinnati, Milwaukee, and St. Louis, much larger then the tiny ethnic enclaves of the Chinese, Italians, and Irish.Germantown40% of the population is GermanLower ClassSettle where the boats drop them off in NYC and Boston, in NYC’s Lower east side, and in Boston settle next to Southie (the Irish)19th Century German-American LifeUpper Class – We don’t really notice themIn the MidwestDirt FarmersMiddle Class – Also not really noticedSkilled, but didn’t own land beforeBuy land, also in the midwestBring their skill to people who don’t have themBring brewing and pianos to AmericaPiano is actually more important in America because we had pianos, but sounded horrible because we had no one to tune them. German build them here (making transportation much easier and safer) and can tune themBeer making in America is the same as in Germany, but the crops and grown differently and the water is differently.Lower ClassTry their hardest to learn English, and is hired at a factory over the Irish and Africans every time.Germans are promoted to higher paying jobs in these factories, so they can actually move up in class


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FSU AMH 2097 - Germans – The Model Immigrant

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