AFRICANS & AFRICAN AMERICANSTHE TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE -ORIGINS-SLAVERY AS A RACIALLY-BASED ECONOMIC SYSTEM (LABOR FORCE)TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE-WEST AFRICAN TO AMERICAS-AMERICAS TO EUROPE-EUROPE TO WEST AFRICAWEST AFRICATRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE#1. MARCH TO THE COASTKRUMEN#2. SLAVE FORT#3. MIDDLE PASSAGE#4. SLAVE AUCTION#5. SEASONINGSLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES1.COTTON GIN- Invented in 1794- By Eli whitney2.LOUISIANA PURCHASE- 1803- Thomas jefferson purchases land, doubles the size of the U.S.3.TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE ENDS (ILLEGAL)-1807INTERSTATE SLAVE TRADE- TOBACCO- Upper South- Maryland- Tennessee- Virginia- Lower South- Alabama- Mississippi- Louisiana- floridaTHE PLANTATION - STATISTICS (BY 1860)- 5% of the white population owned slaves- 3.95 million slaves = 12% of the population- 86% of slaves lived and worked on a farm of plantation- 11% were mulatto- One drop rule- TallahasseeTHE PLANTATIONGANG LABOR V. TASK LABORCOTTON RICEDEEP SOUTH LOW COUNTRYSUN UP TO SUN DOWN “FREE TIME”THE PLANTATION: DAILY LIFE- Work- Field- domestic- Lesiure- Food- Worship (faith)- Family- Brutality- Slave codes- Floggings- RapeRESISTANCEACTIVE V. PASSIVE-Running Away -slow down-Revolt - fake illness-Theft -play “dumb”-Poison-Arson -Break tools-Suicide“THE SECTIONAL CRISIS”ABOLITIONISM-2% of the north spoke out against slaveryFUGITIVE SLAVE ACT OF 1850- If you find a runaway slave and return it you get a large sum of moneyBLEEDING KANSAS- Kansas-nebraska actCHARLES SUMNER INCIDENT JOHN BROWN’S RAID- Harper’s ferry Virginia- Led a slave revolt in Virginia- 1859ELECTION OF 1860-WHEN ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS AFFECT SOUTH IS VERY MAD, SUCCEED FROM UNITED STATES-HE ONLY LOST 30% OF THE VOTE BUT THE SOUTH HAD 3 CANDIDATES SO THEY SPILTSECESSIONSECESSION CRISIS 1861CIVIL WAR AND SLAVERYPHASE #1- EARLY STRATEGYWANTS THE SOUTHERN STATES TO COME BACK. TELLS THEM IF THEY COME BACK THEY CAN HAVE THEIR SLAVESPHASE #2- ATTACK ON THE HEART OF THE SOUTHEMANICAPATION PROCLAMATION- JANUARY 1, 1863PHASE #3- “HARD BALL”Enlistment of black troops- 186,000CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS13TH AMENDMENTo Slavery is abolished14TH AMENDMENTo Due process o Equality for blacks15TH AMENDMENTo Gives black men the right to voteRECONSTRUCTION: 1865-1876Goals :o 4 million freed slaveso Find their familyo Find jobso Get an educationoFREEDMAN’S BUREAUoOLIVER OTIS HOWARDo organization to aid in the relief and resettlement of newly freed SLAvesREDEMPTION: 1877-1896o 1877 reconstruction is declared “over”o Southern whites regain controlo Control over Economic, political, education, religiono Sharecropping – you work and give the crop to the owner of the plantationo Terrorism – “White Home Rule” – white southerners are angry and they institute disfranchisementDisfranchisement- try to take the 15th amendment awayWhite Supremacist Groupso KKKo White leagueo Knights of the white camelliaSTEREOTYPES1.BLACK “BEAST’o oversexedo preys on white women2.“SAMBO”o illiterate3.“MAMMY”o Domestic servant4.“JEZEBEL”o Oversexed single womanTHE COLOR LINE- JIM CROW ERA: 1896-1960S?PLESSY V. FERGUSON (1896)o Supreme court ruled that every institution is meant to keep blacks as second-class citizensthough:o Segregation – the separation of public facilities based on race, resulting in unequal conditions and resources for the subordinate groupo Racial violence increaseso lynchingsJIM CROW LAWS#1. EDUCATIONInferior facilities and materials#2. JUDICIALo All-white jurieso No legal help#3. LEGALo No voting#4. ECONOMICo Major barriersLEADERSHIPBOOKER T. WASHINGTONo Accomodationisto Believes in an industrial educationW.E.B. DUBOISo Separatisto Self-help traditiono Talented tenth – top 10% of African americans go to college and be successfulo Founded the NAACP RACIAL VIOLENCEEMMETT TILLCHANGE: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT1. Accommodate 2. Great Migration 3. Organizations 4. ResistanceNon-violenceActiveCIVIL RIGHTS V. BLACK POWERCIVIL RIGHTS ACTS196419651968AFRICAN AMERICANS
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