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Scottish-Irish: 1765-1775!Formulative Wave!•"Highlanders" in Ireland- aka warriors, effective military people. They love •weapons and combat. Scottish conquered Ireland to take it over. !- Approximately 250,000 Scottish- Irish move to Americas.!-They settle in the "Backcountry"- derogatory term. !The backcountry is the Appalachian Mountains (W. Penn, NC, W.Vir, Kent, ◦Tenn)!!Scots-Irish= Scottish people come over from ireland!Homes- log cabins, built with manure. No windows. !•Religion- Presbyterians!•"New Lights" no churches, they meet outside, everyone talks. Much more ◦voicesterous. !Traveling ministers- in each local community, there is no settled minister. The ◦ministers travel and visit various places. People may be married w/out a minister. !Kidnapping the Bride- marriage tradition. !◦Whiskey/Bourbon- scotts-Irish love to drink. If a baby cries= whiskey, someone •is sick=whiskey. !Families are divided into clans. People in your family that are divided by last •name. Clan alliances that existed in Europe are still alive in the new world. !Highlander Games- friendly competitions. Caber toss, sword fights, tug of war. •Anything that will show their strength and skill of war. !Warriors!•Minute Men- 1/3 of all minute men were scotts-irish who helped fight in the ◦REV war. !War of 1812- 2nd rev war- scotts-irish make up 1/3 of that military force. !◦!4.3 million people in the u.s today who claim scotts-irish heritage. And still reside in the Appalachian mountain region. !!First wave of Immigrants (1830-1870)= 2nd movement of people!Come during the Proto-Industrial Revolution= pre-industrial revolution. !•Unskilled labor is needed in factories, clothing industry, food processing. !◦Irish, Germans, Chinese all come to get jobs !•!Four Factors of Success for all immigrants:!Money- "did this immigrant group come over with money?" If you come with 1.money it'll be easier to adjust. !Numbers- "how many people are coming over?" The less people that come, 2.you blend in more, therefore you're better off. !Location- "where do you go?" Related to numbers in that: if you come in large 3.groups and settle in same area, english are going to freak out. !Stereotypes-what people think of them before they even get there. The Irish 4.had terrible stereotypes. !!The Irish !stereotypes: drunk, pale, green eyes, catholic, huge families. !Location- settle in NY & Boston. 5 points and "Southie"= respectively.!•The Irish in Ireland!Push factors:!•Overpopulation- more people in the country then jobs. !◦Most impoverished nation in the world in 1840- potato famine!◦Politics-England colonizes Ireland. When the english send in the scotts-irish, ◦the english will own 95% of the land in Ireland. The country is completely controlled by England. !Penal Laws- Laws that all Irish people have to follow!‣Ex: all forced to become Protestant, all forced to swear an oath of loyalty to Queen Elizabeth, they will not be allowed to vote, own land, hold weapons, go to school, be involved in politics. Irish language is outlawed. The Irish will not have equality. They wanted them to assimilate their "Irishness" and become as English as possible!The Potato Blight- leads to the potato famine. "Phytophora Infestants" get into •the soil. Was brought over from America. It gets into the potato and makes it either completely dried out, or completely hydrated. !The Great Famine(1845-1850)!•1 million irish die!◦1.5 million irish migrate to u.s!◦-> Trans-Atlantic Crossing- villages pick one person (usually man, speaks english) and send him to the u.s. He will make money and send the money back to Irish so that another person can come. !3 months on a boat . "Ship Fever"- will kill about 1/5 of people in steerage. ◦Tuberculosis= coughs up blood !Steerage- Irish stay there. The lower decks of the ship. !◦"Coffin Ships" about 17,000 people who left Ireland will die on the journey ◦to america. !Who comes?!Anchor Immigrant- original man sent over to make money. The catholic priests •bring the money back and forth. !Chain Immigrants- people following the anchor immigrant. Americans don't like •this. !Ghettos!Lean-Tos= big piece of wood against a wall !•Tenement Building= Irish share small space with 7-10 other people!•!Family!father is the head of the family, doesn't show much affection. Mother is very •caring. !Jobs!•Men- railroads, coal mines. They are paid more than woman. !◦Woman- worked less at first, got paid less. The woman are nannies, cooks. ◦They will live in someone else's home, so they can send whole paychecks to ireland. Prostitute- in a brothel they make $10 a week !!Anti-Irish Sentiment !•Stereotypes:!Religion- irish were catholic, which was foreign to the u.s. !◦"Blood Drinkers"/"Baby Killers"- Protestants think catholics are canibals !‣Transubstanitation- in the moment where you consume the cracker, it ‣becomes the body and blood of christ. !Brainwashed by the Pope-americans want people to assimilate, we ‣thought the irish would take over and ever be able to assimilate!Race!◦"Black Irish"- people thought they were black on the inside !‣Violent !◦Boxing!‣New York City Draft Riots (1863)- irish immigrants were drafted to fight ‣in the war. 120 people killed, 300 injured. Irish will not be able to take back their violent stereotype !Dunkard: drinking is part of the culture in ireland !◦Bridget and Paddy- Bridget is large, not feminine. That was the image of an Irish person. Paddy is a drunk man, large, always in jail for being drunk. !!Institutional Catholic Church- a welfare system that is run by the Irish to help the Irish. !Education- irish send children to the church to get educated. Taught by Priests. •the irish wanted to retain their culture. !Bank- when you make money the priest will hold onto your money!•Work- helps people looking for a job. !•Social Life- center for social life, go for parties, social mixture. !•!Politics- over time irish get very political. !Voting Blocks- in districts where the irish are, they all vote for the same ◦thing. so their candidate wins. The church tells them who to vote for. The Irish voting blocks get very powerful. !Political Machines- at the head is the political boss (people owe a lot of ◦favors to) Political boss makes deals with people so that candidates are elected. The machines are individuals who control politics in any given area. !***Eventually political machines


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FSU AMH 2097 - Formulative Wave

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