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German-Americans; The Model Immigrant?Immigration RestrictionThe Laws!IMMIGRATION FROM CHINAUnique factors:1. 1st group to pass an immigration law against.2. Only group to pass a law only about them (Chinese Exclusion Act)3. Unassimilate-able; will never be considered white.Views of Chinese AmericansHave changed drastically over the years; we once viewed them as violent barbarians.China• Advanced Nationo Economically 800 million people at this time; no problems with overpopulation until 1800o Technologically• Cosmopolitano China is open to the West; free market. Chinese in China• Divisions within Chinao Naturally divided Rivers, mountains, deserts Divided into provinceso Cultural divisions Regions• Very different ways of life• Differenceso Age America loves the youth, not the elderly. However in China, it is the opposite. The older you are the better you are. The eldest male runs the family. Not the best or the youngest.o Individualism Surname• In America, ‘me’ is the most important thing. In China there is no such thing, only family. When Chinese introduce themselves, they say their last name first because only their last name is important.• The Chinese Familyo Patriarchy Family is #1, Government and laws are #2 (i.e. even though killing is illegal, you should kill for your family).  Family is male dominated. Women are not as important. o Clans (like Scots-Irish), very large family Live in compounds with all of your extended familyo Eldest Male Chooses who you marry, if you immigrate or not, what profession you go into• “Guadong” or Canton Provinceo holds Hong Kong today• City-o Toishan/Taishan The vast majority came from this city Right next to the Pacific Ocean Are merchants who own businesses and trade goods with other nations via ports; fishermen, sailors, etc. Are not agricultural people—do urban work. • Fireworks, explosives one of their biggest exports.Immigration to the United States- Push Factorso Governmento Qing Dynasty (pronounced Ching) Eldest members take control of divided regions and ignore emperors control Emperor takes control of army (who taxpayers are funding) and raises taxes to pay for the army that is headed to kill the people.  Eldest males refuse to do this. o Taipei and Boxer Rebellionso Overpopulationo Imperialism• European nations tried to take over China; live there and take over the economy but do not intermarry, mingle with the people. Opium Wars• Opium~ the reason for invasion• Europeans came in and took over the majority of the jobs creating an unemployment problem for the Chinese• Europeans try to take over their culture; the youth of China want to have the freedom that youth in Europe do to do what they want and change.  Did better in US than in China• Chinese that immigrated to the US and left China retained their culture better than if they would have stayed in China. • Financially, they made more money in the US than they ever could in China.o Weather Tsunami• All their main crops are destroyed by flood/drought. • Toshon (merchant coast line) is hit twice by tsunami destroying all the product stored there. o War and Rebellion Most Chinese do not come to America however but other regions in AsiaPull Factors for the Chinese• 1st- Goldo Gum Saan- “Gold Mountain”• Later- Worko A lot of jobs, little competition for ChineseFirst Impressions: Stereotypes of the Californian WASPs and Chinese-Yosemite Sam (Californian WASPs); gold miners, cowboys, single males, there for both gold and property. Put aside family goals for later. Appears rugged and unclean, killing and preparing his food by himself. Is protestant but does not go to church (there are no churches in the West). On average 5’8’’, hefty and muscular, healthy. -Chang- with Queue (long braid) (Chinese); wearing silk “pajamas”, white silk stockings and colorful silk slippers. No facial hair (they do not grow any). Average height 4’8’’. They look like girls to Americans. Not Christians, worship Buddha in the temple by lighting incense. Can usually speak English but cannot pronounce it well. Believe in reincarnation. Eat tofu and rice with chopsticks, eat very little meat (fish, do not eat cow). Chopsticks look like women’s knitting needles to WASPs. Chinese Immigration to the United States• Moneyo 3-6 month boat ride and food is very expensive to immigrate.o They are not poor like the Irish; they have a little money.• Return Migration The Chinese do not stay here. Once push factors go away, they will return. They are only here because their eldest male told them to. They have no intention of staying so they don’t remotely bother to assimilate.  The plan is to stay about 30 years. The typical Chinese immigrant returns every 5 years. When they return they are married off and have children, return back to America. o Bachelor Society Hardly any women migrate, most are males. The men who migrate are not with their families. • Numberso 300,000 by 1882 These numbers are good in that they are fewo 1/10 of CA total population However they all locate together in a small populated area and this is bad• Locationo Ethnic Enclaveo Chinatown, San Francisco, CAWork• Coolies- “Hard Labor” They will work for the least amount of money, no one can compete with them. o Gold Miners• Chinese are not allowed to own land Foreign Miners Tax, 1852• $3 out of the $6 they make a month (50% tax) Miners start to believe that the Chinese are stealing gold nuggets- Cavity searches  White prices for gold are 50% higher than Chinese because markets assume if Chinese are selling gold they must have stolen it. o Domestics “Feminine Jobs”• Making food for gold miners, tailoring clothes, washing clothes. • Chinese do not live in the WASPs homes because the WASPs don’t have homes. They do their work out on the street. o Businesses Instead of delivering food, they open a restaurant. However, they can’t own businesses alone because they go home for two years back to China every 5 years.  To solve this problem, they partner with many Chinese so there is always someone in the West.  WASPs allow this to happen because at the end of the day they need someone to provide these serviceso Fishermen Fish is not a profitable venture for WASPs, most WASPs do not eat fish. This helps preserve the Chinese culture by providing


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FSU AMH 2097 - IMMIGRATION FROM CHINA

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