History of African Americans in the 20 Blackface Stereotypes and Beyond th Century Through Film AMH2097 TEST 2 History Before Film Minstrel Shows Jim Crow character Animal like savage like buffoon made fun of Whites dressed up and acted like fools Wore blackface The Early Days of Film 1910s 1920s Old South and its Lost Cause fake reality About African Americans on plantation happy slaves Idea that the South would rise again get slavery back If only the South won things would be great Hearts and Flags 1911 1st African American portrayed in film by a white actor with blackface African American Stereotypes in Film 1910 Cont Five main stereotypes seen in film 1 Uncle Tom Harriet Beecher Stowe s Uncle Tom s Cabin book 1852 Black character who will stand up for their master Slave who loves their master Older grandfather figure non sexual character 2 Mammy female Gone with the Wind 1939 1st African American woman to win an Academy Award Loves the people she works for Non sexual character Usually a house slave cook maid etc Aunt Jemima 3 Sambo Coon The Story of Little Black Sambo book by Helen New term for Jim Crow Buffoon dark skin big lips comic relief Always seen eating fried chicken watermelon 4 Black Brut Buck Mandingo Negro Obsessed with white women Sexual character lust negative portrayal Seen as someone who has to have sex with every white woman 5 Jezebel Uses her sexuality to her benefit usually towards white men Can only get ahead with sexuality Race Films Another View 1910 1930s African Americans created their own films no blackface African Americans produce direct and act Show African Americans as people AMH2097 TEST 2 The Lincoln Motion Picture Company Oscar Micheaux 1960s White Hollywood companies incorporate more African American actors Gordon Parks one of the best directors Sidney Poitier change in roles for African Americans 1968 outlawed miscegenation shown in film 1st to win best actor in category 2nd Denzel Washington 2000s Equality starts to show more in films behind the camera first directors producers 1970s Blaxploitation African Americans take stereotypes and turn them into a joke Prove how stupid stereotypes are satire Blackpower about being proud to be African American Celebrating African culture Learn where your roots are from discover background Militant movement Black Panthers Roots 1977 product of all this 1st time African Americans are shown as human beings feelings love fear etc New Stereotypes Link to Old Ones 1 Deviant Radical Righteous Celebrate violent savage side Blackpower Malcolm X 2 Drug lords Crack Victims Evil Evil blackness Shows African Americans somehow involved with drug culture 3 Welfare Queen and or Gold digger Fat living off the government white man Goes after someone for monetary gains 4 Sapphire Angry independent black woman African American woman power independence angry Dual sex principle West African women with power Immigration from Ireland Irish black blood black bones black flesh Evil Quick History of Irish English Relations Problems with England 1169 Norman Invasion of Ireland Henry VIII 8th Re conquest of Ireland 1536 Lose culture and religion Outlaws Catholicism Forced the Irish to become English left military force in Ireland James I and the Plantation System Plantation of Ulster series of Plantations Starts taking land away from Irish militarily mercenary Scots AMH2097 TEST 2 Ulster Scots paid by James I to takeover land then the land is theirs Take over nearly all the land in Ireland Lambs wool Need more land less workers no jobs Tenant farmers Irish Slavery Forced to work on land that used to be theirs Sharecropping cycle of poverty debt 1600 Irish own 80 land 1778 English own 95 1607 Penal Laws what the Irish can can t do in their own country No Catholicism No education Population economics Overpopulation when a country cannot support its people Population of 8 million Rural population High illiteracy rate Most from farms city jobs no city to go to In sum Irish were a Permanent Underclass Most that immigrate sign names on manifest sign name as X Immigration from Ireland 1 Ulster Scots First Irish to come to the New World Maintain control over Ireland take land paid to be in army Why did they leave Problems w England Penal Laws on the Scots different than Irish Penal Laws Political rights taken away from them Gone Native treating the Irish better than the English would Did they have money Yes Come over as family groups Wave Formative 1765 1775 Ulster Scots or Scots Irish Location Backcountry Numbers 250 000 Appalachian Mountains Western Pennsylvania West Virginia Kentucky Tennessee North Carolina area Where the English do not want to go Live very close to each other same village castle etc Scots Irish Stereotypes 1 Violence only pre conceived stereotype Set Stereotypes for Catholic Irish Family Clan System Use family for protection Anyone related by blood War Hated English Used by Americans when needed get rid of the English 1 3 2 Poor Immoral Uneducated Living conditions Wooden houses not brick English no shoe May have to leave house used to moving Don t put money into housing No permanent Church AMH2097 TEST 2 Circuit riders preachers only come once a year Parents teach you what you need to know to survive in Backcountry 3 Drunks A person who drinks alcohol English are a culture of restraint don t drink in public men only wine beer Scots enjoy their alcohol Whisky No problem drinking everyday a lot on celebrations No problem drinking in public women and kids can drink Bring culture with them Come to a society that believes the complete opposite But not Irish Religion Presbyterian not Catholic Protestant One of the first to become included in White Move up on the hierarchy when new people come that are more different Immigration From Ireland 2 The Catholic Irish 1845 1921 Why did they leave Ireland Problems with England continued Could not afford it Need catastrophe to leave The Great Famine or Potato Famine 1845 1852 Potato Blight 1840s disease that invades all potatoes in Europe Subterranean crop underground crop etc go bad rotted from inside Only allowed to grow potatoes dig up dirt under house Not allowed to use the land around their house to grow food Gorta Mor The Great Hunger One million people die English do nothing call it An Act of God Of an 8 million population everyone else is starving English say it will solve overpopulation problem The Famine is with us yesterday today and always Meghan McCabe Travel over to
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