AMH2097: Race, Nationality, and Ethnicity: History of ImmigrationRace: -social construct we made up-not biological fact-you choose it-the assumption of differences based on real or imagined physical characteristics *1/16th of black blood used to = african americanRacism: -take physical characteristics you are assuming are true and assume they are true and that you are inferior/superior Ethnicity:-group of people who have something in common (ie. irish)>culture; what they eat, how they dress, traditions>economic status>language>religionNativism:-disliking someone because they are from a different culture/from another country/another ethnicityNationality:-where you're born-used to also mean citizenship*passport: declares where you are a citizen Racial and Ethnic Hierarchies: -The US and power: they create hierarchies "The Other":-anybody other than you-used to think african americans = animals (missing link to monkeys) What do we used animals for? Labor = slaveryThe History of Immigration: 3 Movements/Waves1.) The Formative Wave (1607-1830)>set up formal/informal laws>first english came over>"formative" : because forming a country>all others considered "others">ignored former people here: irradiated (ect)(native americans, indians, french, dutch, spanish, jews, scotts, irish etc)>english don't consider themselves immigrants (starts at 1820, immigration=proof of this)2.) First Wave (1830-1880)>Irish, German, Chinese >formers don't know how to handle "others"3.) Second Wave (1880-1920)>shit hits the fan>Then...-Why do immigrants leave?How do immigrants fit in?assimilation:-acculturation:-The Process-Un-assimilation-able:What does the US want from Immigrants?First-1609-1960??Anglo-Conformity:-anglo="white"-basically complete assimilation1960s: During this time we question "should we make immigrants assimilate?"-switch to CULTURAL PLURALISM (1980s-Present) Cultural Pluralism: during time of women suffrage, gay rights (etc)-Where we want/accept others culture >how they dress, foods, religion (etc)Leads to...-Nativism and XenophobiaXenophobia:-fear of another race, nationality, or ethnicity-causes one to act irrationallyWhy we are using film:.....Formative Wave Migration:The English: -"WASP" -"White Anglo Saxon Protestant"-Protestant: christianity thats NOT catholic >extremely not christian-not a Homogenous group>anglos, saxons, gaelic tribes (celts)> picts, britons, normans, romans (italy), even vikings (Scandinavia)>melting pot of people, not all the same -become the "whites"The Immigration of the English:England in 1600: -leader died: Queen Elizabeth (turmoil, still under her laws/ways, low on money because of recent wars)Why did the English Colonize America?-problems in England-because everyone is doing it-problem: they cant afford it -so they have the citizens pay to get on the boat themselves, therefore when they go over they own what they find (don't have to send it back to the crown)-South vs. NorthFirst colony, Jamestown (1607)-why did the English Colonize?-Primogeniture - second/third sons-indentured servants: poor who are the hungary starving people who cant find jobs, they contract themselves to the 2nd/3rd sons, basically trade labor for certain amount of years (usually 5-7yrs) for money to float over to the new world>in order too: own land, opportunity, money*from the very beginning America is about money Second Colony, New England (1620)-Why did the English Colonize-Pilgrims/Puritans: protestants in a protestant country -these people are generally middle class, have a lot of money but not landed-come to America to get landed and become upper class >The New Zion: "Gods promise land" - come over to create a world where they (middle class in England) become the top-middle class aren't gentlemen (they know how to get hands dirty/do things for themselves)-come over for powerImages of "The New World" through film:-the new world; shows the people as heros-the crucible (1996); witchcraft trials etc; shows others as craziesFormative Migration:-controlled the 13 colonies and later the US-wrote the "blank slate" - created laws-other than class change (middle become upper) it is basically England (laws, influence, lifestyle etc)WASP Dominance/Influence Major Areas:1. LanguageEnglish Language Only Laws?-when immigrants take the test to become a citizen they can take it in any language-most of documents are in english 2. Religion- ProtestantSeparation of Church and State?-US loves Protestants -bull shit (ie. court- swearing to tell truth on Bible)3. Education-public school: perfect for assimilation, free schooling where immigrants are INDOCTRINATED in the culture. Even if parents don't want to assimilate the younger generation assimilates.4. Political and Legal Institutions-English common law = Constitution -basically plagiarized-historically WASPS run the political institutions: president, executive, judicial, legislative branch (who reps us)-problems in the institutions themselves 5. Economic Institutions-Anglos in powerHow do they maintain control and separation?-nativist and xenophobic from the beginning ALEIN AND SEDITION ACTS OF 1798NATURALIZATION ACT - 5 to 14 years (process of becoming a citizen)-after 5-14 years you can try to become a citizen, long time because WASPS want to maintain in power, this keeps them from voting and increases someones chances to assimilate ALIEN ENEMIES AND FRIENDS ACTS, DEPORTATION -who we can deport from the US, cannot ever come back -began using toward people who aren't citizens who speak out about laws English are the dominant group/majority - 60%-still leaves 40% NON ENGLISHThe invention of the White Race-eventually no longer the numerical majority"Majority" and 'Minority" -Majority: higher power (not numbers)-Minority: less power (not numbers)"White" = ??? The "white" race is an invention created by the US to differentiate us from the "others" -Dutch, German, Huguenot (French Protestant), Scandinavian, Scottish, Swiss, Scots Irish, and Welsh Protestants.-Eventually: Irish, Italian, Greek, Russian, etc...-Now even "White Hispanic"*WASPS couldn't keep numerical majority up, worried about loosing power, therefore they began to classify more people under the "white" category to increase their numerical majority and protect their power/control.AFRICANS:-comes in during the formative wave, second largest minority during the formative waveI. European "Discovery of Africa"a.) 15th Cent. (1400s) Portuguese Traders-route to the East-trading
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