AMH 2097 Sec. 3Final Exam Terms List Tenements - housing in the lower east side of NYCdesigned to house a lot of people in not a lot of spacesmall rooms, only front room had exposure to light and ventilation, no bathrooms or showerstrash was just thrown out in front of the housesLeo FrankJewish manager at a pencil company, Mary Phagen (13 y.o.) found dead, Leo was last to see heralivetried and found guilty, sentenced to life in prisonKnights of Mary Phagen lynched him (included a former governor and police officers) and sold postcards w/ pictures of Frank's dead body1/2 of the Jews left, the remaining Jews convertedOrthodox JudaismPious, religion stressed tradition and rulesnot worried about fitting in (dress, dietary laws, etc.)Conservative JudaismWilling to change less vital traditions (like dress) but kept mostWanted to practice their religion and still fit in with the dominant cultureYiddishGermanic language w/ Hebrew letteringSpoken in Easter European Jewish communitiesCosta George Najour23 years old, petitioned US government for citizenship, came down to raceSaid that Najour was neither white or African American descent, Court sided with Najour, saying that people from Syria were whiteSyrians worked hard to be seen as white, Economically successfulSilkFirst wave of immigration from the middle east in 18080s (an economic migration)industrialized by French in Lebanon more mulberry trees -silk worm food-, economy was basedentirely on silk, peasant families became wealthy, then prices fell and people were no longer accustomed to frugal livingPeddlingPeople who went door to door selling household items and trinketsA line of work associated w/ Lebanese immigrants who did not intend to be in America forever (many left and returned to Lebanon)Eventually established permanent storesImmigration ended completely after 19241790 Naturalization Act First law effecting national citizenshipLimited Naturalization to immigrants who were "free white persons" of "good character"excluded Native Americans, indentured servants, slaves, free blacks, and AsiansEspionage Act (1917)Prohibited spying, interfering w/ military draft, & making statements critical of the militaryNewspapers and magazines were restrictedSedition Act (1918)Illegal to criticize the American government or war effort>2,000 found guiltyRed Scare (World War I)A general sense of paranoia fueled by of radical political agitation and the alleged spread ofcommunism and anarchism in the American labor movementExaggerated rhetoric, illegal search and seizures, unwarranted arrests and detentions, & thedeportation of several hundred suspected radicals and anarchistsBorn out of hyper-nationalism during World War IBolshevik Revolution in Russia only increased suspicion of those who participated in strikesand organized labor (ex. Boston Police Strike)Emma GoldmanRussian Jewish immigrant, became very involved in left wing politicsSpoke in favor of birth control, gay rights, free loveDeported for speaking against the GovernmentKu Klux KlanRe-emerged as people trying to "conserve American liberty"Secret ballot was brought about to prevent illiterate people from votingPassed a law in Oregon that required all children to attend public schoolsGreat MigrationAfrican Americans migrated North Worked instead of immigrantsJohnson-Reed ActLimited immigration from Europe to 150,000 people per yearPriority was given to those who had family in the U.S. already or those w/ special skillsSacco and VanzettiItalian immigrants, arrested after being accused of taking part in a robbery that resulted in murderWere radicals, believed violence was okayThere was no hard evidence to prove their guilt - believed they were being persecutedItalian community raised $ for defense (furious)ExecutedElla May WigginsTextile worker, Single mother, worked 6 12 hr days/week, could only afford to live in black partof the cityWalked out during strike to protest working conditions, elected treasurer in Union, travelled and sang to strikers, organized black workers & wanted them to join her union, went to DC to talk to CongressMurdered in broad daylight when a strike became violent (police brutality, company hired armed guards). 50 people watched her die.5 men accused were acquittedAmerican Communist PartyInvolved themselves in supporting Civil Rights (like the Scottsboro Boys trial) in order to build themselves up and be seen in a more positive lightUsually backfired for the group they were supportingAlfred SmithFirst Catholic to run for President (affected his campaign), born in poverty in NYC son of Irish immigrantsSupporter of social legislations (child labor limits, pensions)Advocated the end of the Red Scare and Prohibition3 terms as governor of NYDid well w/ farmers and Urban Areas but did not winPauli MurrayBorn in the South and educated in the North, jailed in VA for refusing to give up seats on a busBelieved in nonviolent protests and resistance (took books to "Little Palace" diner and read)Went to Howard University (all black), studied law, only womanApplied to Harvard (denied because she was a woman), went to Berkley insteadWorked for both women's and African American rightsBecame an Episcopal PriestBarbara JohnsEncouraged classmates to strike against segregation in the 40'sWorked for school integrationRecy TaylorKidnapped and raped by white men, reported to the authorities and only the driver had to pay $250 fine, no one was arrested or called to testify, dismissed w/in 5 minutes - National AttentionStill no indictments even w/ a confession from one of the men involvedIndian Reorganization Act of 1934Determined Native American tribes had the right to govern themselvesThe Four FreedomsFour fundamental freedoms that people "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy, as articulatedby FDR in his 1941 State of the Union address (before WWII)Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship (Religion), Freedom from Want, Freedom from Fear Pearl HarborFirst time a foreign country attacked the United States since the war of 1812U.S. declared war against Japan in retaliation, Germany declared war on the U.S.Rosie the RiveterCultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II“Double V” plan"Victory overseas and victory for Civil Rights"Civil Rights leaders adopted this from a black newspaperA. Phillip RandolphMain Civil Rights activist during WWII, threatened to March on WashingtonIn order to prevent this, FDR issued Executive
View Full Document
Unlocking...