Key Terms to know Introduction to Second Wave Progressive Era Second wave New vs Old immigrants Gilded Age 1880 1900 An area of rapid economic growth in America where wages were higher than many parts of Europe Progressive Era 1900 1920 Main goal was to eliminate political corruption by taking down political machines and their bosses The Progressives Reformers from the 1900 s and 1910 s Scientific racism Used flawed science and terrible poor application to explain why some races should be looked at as inferior Germ theory Immigrants bring in disease Sound science but poorly applied IQ tests Positive eugenics Encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits Negative eugenics The study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population especially by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits Extinction thesis His thesis was that according to current death rates African Americans would eventually go extinct The problem was that he ignored the effects of poverty and other health problems among African Americans Immigration Act of 1917 This act added to the number of undesirables banned from entering the country including but not limited to homosexuals idiots feeble minded persons criminals epileptics insane persons alcoholics professional beggars all persons mentally or physically defective polygamists and anarchists Furthermore it barred all immigrants over the age of sixteen who were illiterate Three things 1 Literacy test in order to enter the country 2 Banned men and women from entering 3 D s Dependent Delinquents and Defectives Quota Acts of 1921 and 1924 The 1921 act established a quota for how many individuals of a particular immigrant group could enter the country annually Had a quota of 3 of group s population in the US as of the 1910 census The 1924 act established a harsher annual quota 2 as of the US 1890 census It targeted immigrants from Japan and India in particular similar to what happened to the Chinese Quotas did not apply to immigrants from the Western hemisphere Immigration from Italy Italian Unification Originally there was no country called Italy The Italian Kingdoms became Italy in 1871 after immigration had already started North v South North Milan Venice Florence Known as skilled and educated diverse light skinned protestant and have money South Naples and Sicily Hated by North looked at as stupid 985 illiterate and uncivilized unskilled many peasant farmers Mezzogiorno The original term for Southern regions of Italy Full of crime and dark people Mongrel Race Southern Italians were looked at as stupid and animal like and inferior Mafia originally a mutual aid society social club all male fraternity emotionally help each other brought over from Sicily La Familia Simply means the family In Italian culture the family always comes first at all costs Honor The men in the family were in control and the people in the family always respected them Vendetta Vendetta is when families would seek revenge on their own to protect their own family Campanilismo Having pride in the specific region of Italy that one is from rather than from being Italian Non Institutional Roman Catholic Church They are never at church Only go three times when they are 1 Hatched baptism 2 matched wedding and 3 Dispatched funeral Virgin Mary Saints Rosary Praying to the saints and the virgin mary not because they think they are Gods but they re just trying to cover all the bases Shrine Not done in church but at home Magic Medicine man or women to get potions powers etc to avoid evil spirits Associate magic as all the higher powers are busy so they use magic All about the now not concerned with afterlife Tithe One tenth of annual produce or earnings formerly taken as a tax for the support of the church and clergy Church taxes in simpler words Industrial Revolution Why the southern Italians came to America For the jobs the industrial revolution created Return Migration Use America for jobs and then leave Ritornati sojourners Single males come to make money before they get married return to Italy to get married to whoever their family chooses the end Birds of Passage Another word for sojourners Little Italys NYC Boston etc A City of Villages own dialect food saint Piccola Palermo New Orleans and California mostly Sicilians in New Orleans and in California they farm grapes with the northern Italians Padrone System Padroni The person who is going to meet at the docks and is singing in Italian dialect Will offer him a job place to live and protection Usually hundreds on the dock In return he will ask for a percentage of your pay Take care of you economically Mutual Aid Societies A way for people in a tenement to hang out and take care of each other Goes back thousands of years in Italy The Mafia is the most well known one Tenements Sleep in shifts usually 20 people to a room doing this to save up money just as the Irish did Municipal Works Digging canals laying pavement and gas lines building bridges tunneling NYC subway system in 1890 nearly 90 of public workers were Italian Sweat Shops Women aren t used to being around strangers and men think she is going to get raped Prohibition Not drinking alcohol Organized Crime Groups of people doing illegal things for profit Selling alcohol was a big one Bootlegging to make sell or transport illegally La Madonna Basement Worship Scabs Benito Mussolini and Il Progresso Italo Americano United Italy Newspaper promotes Mussolini Hyper assimilation during WW2 with Southern Italians 1940 Alien Registration Act 695 000 Larger number because there were more Italian nationals we deported some Southern Italians Blue Collar Work Skilled not educated fire fighters police waste management Joe DiMaggio Baseball player that helped Italian s reputation Frank Sinatra Tony Bennett Perry Como Also Italians that helped reputation Rosie the Riveter Rose Bonavita An Italian WW2 wife that helped the image that Italian women were capable Chef Boyardee Allowed Italian culture into American homes Went against what reformers wanted The Godfather Reinforced negative Italian stereotypes Mafia Myth All organized crime is southern Italian all southern Italians are in organized crime but less than 1 actually is Mafia vs Cosa Nostra Our Thing Mafia was originally an aid society and the cosa nostra was physical protection against
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