Amh test II African Americans in war and freedom Southern backlash Economic backlash Sharecropping white land owners who previously owned a plantation had land and engaged in contract with blacks to allow them to stay on the plantation Only if they promised to take care a portion of the land to get the plantations back running again Workers would pay the plantation owner with a portion of the crops they have been working on and sale or keep the rest Land owners were not honest lied about money issues Didn t always have a perfect growing season floods and droughts caused a low crop production The debt of the blacks tend to build when they weren t able to pay up at the end of the year resulting into a cycle of poverty This was a method of Re enslaving blacks after the civil war 1900 s this was considered illegal Blacks kept a share of the crop Tenant farming can only give cash same scenario of share Vagrancy laws laws that stated if blacks were not working they cropping would be sent to jail Political backlash KKK emerge during reconstruction Irish term that means circle of friends People who thought their practice was a part of life violent intimidation was more of their thing than murder Voting laws methods to stop blacks from voting poll tax you cannot vote unless you pay the backlash to this was that there was a lot of poor whites which affected the voting polls turn outs grandfather clause can vote for free as long as your grandfather was able to vote in 1865 Jim crow laws separate but equal laws Minstrel show when people put on black faces and acted as a stereotype of blacks to entertain whites Post civil war migration got out ASAP and moved up north and out west smallest movement and may have done a little of sharecropping Industrial revolution migration 1880 mainly in the north a lot of jobs open up competing for jobs with many immigrants blacks were the last ones hired and first ones fired WWI Migration 1911 1930 largest migration was WW2 migration one million African Americans moved north males were able to find jobs in factories black institutions made a larger scale community for themselves Church center of the community Businesses Madame cj walker first African American millionaire created hair care products Harlem renaissance artistic movement that expressed the dissatisfaction of the black community The great migrations moving out of the south The great migrations WWI migration 1911 1930 W E B Dubois wrote on being crazy first African American to get his doctrine from Harvard Langston Hughes wrote A Dream deferred Zora Neale Hurston wrote their eyes were watching God WWII Migration 1939 Tuskegee Airmen squad of all black pilots to make sure boomer plans made it safe to their destination 91st Infantry Division division of black soldiers who fought in Italy with little coverage and protection Two million African Americans move north 30 of soldiers that were sent are African Americans There was separate blood banks After the war blacks were fired from their jobs so whites could get theirs back A significant portion moved out of the south Civil rights The civil rights act of 1964 federal leg of LBJ Lyndon B Johnson against public discrimination The voting rights act 1965 removing of discriminatory voting rules Scots Irish 1765 1775 First wave immigrants 1830 1870 Formative wave Scots take up and move to Ireland heritage is Scottish but are from Ireland Highlanders in Ireland 250 000 Scots Irish move to Americas cross the Atlantic because they are tired of the British telling them what to do Backcountry were they settled W Pennsylvania North Carolina W Virginia Kentucky and Tennessee Appalachian Mountains thought of as the worst land to have farms and develop anything Homes one long room one door on opposite sides and no windows built with logs and insulated with cow shit Religion Presbyterians New lights type of Presbyterians that were emotional in their practices Didn t have church buildings Weddings are interesting and violent Bride 13 14 years of age Groom 16 17 years old he would have to kidnap the bride The groom would have to come to the brides house and try to fight off her family to get her Lutherans are called the frozen chosen s Traveling Ministries travel thru out the back country blessed marriages after they took place Whiskey Bourbon it was a part of their culture they used it for many folk remedies Physical culture Families and Clans family is the inner circle clans protect one another larger unit Highlander Games meets of strength Way of maintaining the warrior culture Warriors scot Irish joined the English Minute Men getting the continental army ready 1 3 were scot Irish decent War of 1812 when British tried to take U S over again Proto industrial Revolution pull Factor for them moving pre industrial revolution warehouses where woman would iron Unskilled labor individuals who don t have a trade worked mainly in clothing and food processing Clothing Industry ironing and sewing Food Processing plucking chickens and slaughtering animals Irish Germans Chinese came in the first wave Four Factors of Success For all immigrants Things we look at to determine how successful or unsuccessful immigrants will be once they get to the U S Money are they coming because they don t have any money or coming with none which made things very hard for them If they had money they had some freedom to take their time to get jobs and get settled Numbers how many of them that came smaller numbers usually do a lot better than large numbers Location where do you settle when you get here big cities near the docks had the most immigrant population Linked with numbers Stereotypes what did we think of you people before you came here Martinez is of Irish decent The Irish 1830 1880 Settled mainly in new York and Boston cities like five points New York and southie Boston five points had roaming pigs in the street The Irish in Ireland Overpopulation there were more people than there were jobs In 1840 Ireland is the most impoverished nation in the world British occupied Ireland from the Irish they consider the Irish to be subhuman and savages They became second class citizens in their own country Politics Penal Laws series of laws passed against the Irish people the Irish cannot be education vote and had to speak only English Started to starve under these conditions Potato Blight what cause these famine potato s was their staple food Phytophthora Infestans bacteria that got into the soil
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