ChineseJewsNorthern ItaliansSouthern ItaliansChinese•First wave Immigrants(1820-1880)•Mainly between 1849-1880•300,000 immigrants came to US during this time.•West coast migration.•This sets them apart from the German and Irish.•Most of these immigrants come from the Guangdong province. This on the South east corner of China along the coast.•95-96% of these immigrants come from here.•This was a trade rich culture and many of the immigrants coming from here are very familiar with Europeans/whites because they trade with them. •They are comfortable going to America because they already know of the European culture.•Push Factors•Crop Failure•Most of the Chinese in this region are poor farmers. •The population density was 100,000 per square mile.•Each family had a limited amount of land for farming and if a drought or other natural cause their people would starve.•Guangdong never was able to feed all of its people even when their output was maximized.•Had to import rice.•The rivers flooded every few years causing crops to fail and many would starve.•Tsunamis•Had no form of weather forecasting to predict tsunamis making them worse than they already are.•Happens several times during the 1850s.•Incredible amount of damage.•Further hurt an already weakened economy.•War•Clan Warfare/Clan Conflict•A clan is several families who are all bound by one ancestor(bloodlines); political ties; or economic ties. Within a clan they all provide mutual support.•Each clan would all support one emperor and were responsible for a certain emperor being elected.•Caused lots of arguments between different clans who supported different emperors.•Punti-Hakka Clan War-Taishan•1855-1867•Taiping Rebellion•1850-1864•Taiping are trying to establish ‘Great Heaven Kingdom’ or ‘Kingdom of Heaven’•The people are upset with the social conditions in China.•Uprising by the people who want to set social conditions right in China.•People wanted an equal distribution of land; equality of the genders; get rid of arranged marriages, prostitution, slavery, smoking, and alcohol.•Majorly they wanted more freedom.•Emperor fought the people rebelling.•Destroyed South Eastern China•Estimated 20-100 million people died. Died from battle, disease, or starvation.•The Europeans come into help.•Pull Factors•High paying wages.•California Gold Rush•1848•People in San Francisco got word that gold was found in Sacramento and San Francisco was a ghost town. Everyone went to Sacramento to try to find gold.•Shortly after word reached the East coast and many people went to California.•After that word reached China and everyone thought California had gold all over the place and all you had to do was go there and you would be rich forever.•Became known as the ‘Golden Mountain.’ and known as a symbol of wealth.•Return Migration•Chinese weren’t interested in staying in America. They wanted to go to America, make a lot of money and return to China where they would be a millionaire for the rest of their lives. With this money they could rise above many of the circumstances which they went to America in the first place. Ex poverty, hunger, moving out of the flood zones, etc.•Chinese families lived with each other. Including the extended family(aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents.)•They were patriarchic so the oldest male would go to California make some money and come back to China. •They would return multiple times to do this.•It would eventually improve their family’s status.•Chinatowns were basically big bachelor pads because only the men would come. This created a ‘Bachelor Society.’•Lew Git•Patriarch of his family and he went to America to get money and he was sending money back to his oldest son.•The son kept spending this money and the father was never able to return to China because the son kept getting into debt and asking for more money. There was never enough money to send him back to CHina.•Location•The Chinese go to California.•Biggest port in CA in the 1800s was San Francisco.•Don’t have a lot of money when they get to America so they get to San Francisco and are stuck there once they arrived.•Created Ethnic Enclaves-Chinatowns.•Jobs•When they first arrive in CA they realize this fairytale of America is not so true.•Discriminated against because the color of their skin(yellow), no money, etc.•This makes them stick together.•Try to get gold in Sacramento and do very well in gold fields.•Worked out well because they work harder than whites. Made whites jealous.•The whites tried to get gov’t to pass laws making it illegal for Chinese to work in gold fields or buy land in gold fields.•Whites would receive a higher price for their gold than the Chinese. Chinese price was called the ‘yellow price.’•After they had to start mining for the gold the whites would not hire Chinese to go into mines, they hired them to do ‘feminine’ jobs such as domestic work.•Transcontinental Railroad•Jobs were plentiful in California except for the Chinese which were not allowed to work in mines.•Lelan Stanford said Chinese would do well in building the railroad because they built the Great Wall.•Did very well. Were able to lay 12 miles of track in a 12 hour day. It was very dangerous work but the Chinese worked very hard because they knew they could make money to go back to China with. •Migrant Workers•Started working on the farms in California as fruit pickers.•Fishing•Caught fish and sold it on the docks.•The dream of the Golden Mountain was shattered but they were able to find other jobs.•Chinese Support Structures•Clans•Successful Merchants•Merchant shops because a social gathering spot, places to go when you were sick, etc.•The older merchants because role models for younger chinese immigrants as well as a support system.•Hui Kuan(Six Companies)•Similar to Salvation Armies for the clans. They all supported different clans. They provided a place to stay for new immigrants, soup kitchens, hospitals, etc. •If you died in America the Hui Kuan would pay to have your body shipped back to China.•Formed because the Chinese knew Americans would not help or provide welfare for the Chinese and had to do it for themselves.•They helped solve problems between Chinese immigrants. Mediators.•Tongs•Chinese organized crime.•They ran prostitution, gambling,
View Full Document
Unlocking...