AMH2097 Fall 2012 Dr. Pamela Robbins Final Exam Study Guide Topics in Bold are Key Terms from Dr. Robbins Study Guide Section 1 : The Chinese **Unique: The first immigration law ever passed was against them. Only group to have a direct immigration law passed on them. o Migrate: First Wave Topic China USANationOld Nation (over 1,00 Years) New Nation (70yrs)AgeOld:- Better/Wiser- Beautiful- Closer to the DivineYouth: - Reckless Youth: - Beautiful - Key to Future - Strength FamilyExtended Family Nuclear FamilyReligionKEY o Life in 19th Century Chinao Advanced Nation (technologically and socially) I billion people (no over population) o The Chinese Family o Extended Family o Patriarchy: head by the eldest male Decides all: Jobs, Marriage, Immigrationo Live in Compounds: area in which all relatives lived o Clan: Group of people related to each other by blood/marriageo Sur Name (Last Name): is what matters Ex. Robbins Pamela not Pamela Robbins o Individualism: Does not exist … Part of a wholeo Division With in China o Language, Culturally, Food, Religion o Landmarks/nature o Immigrants to the US From the Guadong • Canton Providence: Capital Non-farming on the coast Trade Cosmopolitan • European, Pacific, U.S. (Cali) Majority from Toishan • Harbor Point • Industrialized: Fireworkso Why did the Chinese Leave China? 1. Government - Local leaders = clan leaders - Emperor realizes he doesn’t have power - Local Leaders are getting money $$ from Opium o Emperor gets mad and sends Army to take over - Canton people stop paying taxes o Pisses Emperor Off higher taxes 2. Overpopulation - Not paying taxes government stops supplying - Canton doesn’t make food (farm) they trade - No jobs3. Imperialism: Outside nation takeover- Trade: Silk, Tea, Opium, Rice - English, French, Germans Invade o Hong Kong: British Control o Trade, Warehouses, Ships Poverty British bring their people: No Jobs for Chinese - European Ideas/Values o Individualism/Power of Youth Traditional Culture is kept in the US then (Toishan)4. Tsunami- 2 Tsunamis - Mass destruction of property - China: Flood& Drought Season o No Trade No Food Overpopulation 5. War and Rebellion - Japanese - Russians - Opium Warso Why did the Chinese come to the US? 1. Gold - Gum Saan: Gold Mountaino Promoted by the US workers needed 2. Work 3. Reasons NOT to come - Far: 3 to 4 month Journey - Known for Discrimination o Coming to America o Return Migration By Clan • Man, Age (Young because he was coming to America) Will only stay for a short period Goal: Return with MONEY $$ Plan: 5 yrs, return meet wife have a bay, 5 yrs, Back to china with $, have another bay and continue the process until it has been 30 yrs o Sojourner: Never in one place; moving Not going to assimilateoo Typical Chinese Immigrant o Male, Young, without family Bachelor Society: Women do not migrate • WASPs do not know they have wives etc. • Fear of raping white women o Four Factors of Success o Money To come over but do not have here Make money to support their clan Idea that they are famished or liv in poverty: do not look nice and do not have a respectable appearance o Numbers 300,000 by 1882 1/10 of California Population o Location Ethnic Enclave• Chinatown: San Francisco, CA• Ghettoh: Away from WASPs All types of people out number WASPs o Stereotypes: Later On o Family in US? o Six Companies: Kongsi Import/ Export Group of Clans join together to become one Arrive in U.S. and pledge allegiance • Company: Jobs, Living, friends, return Communication with China Companies do not like each other Control: laws, cops, jury … EVERYTHING • WASPs no nothing • Chinatown o Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Society Outside of San Francisco o Tongs People who aren’t part of a company Friends, individuals together Represent: Gangs, Crime (six companies)o Work o Coolies – “Hard Labor” Work for little or no money (slave like) Cause unemployment for others o Golf Miners Don’t have money for land Hired laborer for Gold Mine Foreign Miners Tax (1852 (4yrs later)) • Tax $3 out of $6 Strip Mine Search: to make sure no Gold is stolen (violated) o Work Cont. o Domestics Feminine Jobs (leads to stereotype) • Will do whatever jobo Fishermen Others didn’t know how to fish o Transcontinental Railroad Toishan: Fireworks Chinese: Lighters • Blow Mountains o Migrant Farm Work Takes Jobs: day-day/week-week Never in one place impossible to assimilate Don’t have to quit can just go back home o Women (2% of population) Prostitution Aren’t going back to China o Stereotypes (Four Factors of Success) **inferior to white raceo “Scientific Racism” Race hierarchy can be proven Measured skulls o Dress Male: 4’8”-5’0” … American Male 5’7” Wearing dress; silk stockings; slippers Face: Unaligned, no facial hair Hat with long hair coming out : Queueo Un-assimilate-able Perpetual foreigner Different Race o Yellow Peril DANGER Sent to take over • Only males • Taking jobs • Up to something: 6 Companies, Language, Ethnic Enclaveo Culture Religion: Buddhism No Church: Holy Place Buddahsanc After life …… Jesus/God: Buddha Criminals / Corrupt• Six Companies …. Language • Opium Dens Unsanitary/Dirty/Sickly• Side walk bridge over river of poop• Prostitution/airbone• Yellow: sick (pale/color)o Anti-Chinese Crusade/Anti-Christian Crusade ***In California o People vs. Hall (1854) Chinese can’t testify against whites “A race that nature has marked as inferior” o Naturalization Act of 1870 Eventually adopted by U.S. Only white/black people can be citizens Can’t vote counter Irish voting blocks Sig: Didn’t really care because of Return Migration o Page Act of 1875 “undesirable” and prostitutes not allowed o Federal Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Not allowed to immigrate or come for 10 yrs Continued to pass every 10 yrs until 1942 Not publicized o REACTION: Chae Chang Ping vs. U.S. 1889 Chinese Exclusion Act is Legal Federal Government: immigration and naturalization o Post Exclusion Act Immigration o Start of illegal Immigrationo Raft: mickey mouse boat arrive on coast o US Borders
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