Test 3 Race & Ethnicity- Chineseo First-Wave immigrantso 1849-1880o 300,000 came into the U.S.o One thing that sets them apart was that they did West Coast migrationo In 1850: 400 million people lived in Chinao Guangdong Province Southeast corner of China, long the coast 95% of the immigrants come from here Also known as other names Guangdong had been in contact with Europeans for a long time, so they were very familiar with white people This was a trade rich culture and many of the immigrants coming from here are veryfamiliar with Europeans/whites because they trade with them. They are comfortable going to America because they already know of the European culture. Chinese here don’t trade with Europeans. They’re mostly farmers Population density: 1000 people per square mile Have to feed all those people Even in best years, they couldn’t farm enough to feed all the peopleo Push factors Crop failures and natural disasters- Most of the Chinese in this region are poor farmers. - The population density was 100,000 per square mile.- Each family had a limited amount of land for farming and if a drought or other natural cause their people would starve.- Guangdong never was able to feed its entire people even when their output was maximized.- Had to import rice.- The rivers flooded every few years causing crops to fail and many would starve. Rivers flood every few years Population density Primitive agricultural practices Natural disasters - Tsunamio Had no form of weather forecasting to predict tsunamis making them worse than they already are.o Happens several times during the 1850s.o Two major tsunamiso Incredible amount of damageo Further hurt an already weakened economyo We don’t even know when tsunamis hit because of poor record keeping1 Wars- Clan warfare / Clan Conflicto Different families are bound together by a common ancestoro Some may not be blood related, may be bound by political ties or economic tieso Societal structureo Supported emperor Kept in power by clans he was affiliated with attacked other clans Clans that supported emperor were opposed by clans that wanted another emperor Each clan would all support one emperor and were responsible for a certain emperor being elected. Caused lots of arguments between different clans who supported different emperors.o Punt-Hakka Clan War – Taishan Lasted from 1855-1867o Hundreds of thousands of people died. Soldiers stole food from peasants and brought disease Rebellion - Taiping Rebelliono 1850-1864o Led by Chinese Christian. He started believing that he was Jesus’ brother o Uprising to set social equality in China Equality among sexes Make everyone equalo Wanted to do away with arranged marriageso Taiping wanted to bring Great Heaven Kingdom to Eartho People are upset with social conditions in Chinao Uprising by the people who want to set social conditions right in China.o People of Taiping wanted an equal distribution of land; equality of the genders; get rid of arranged marriages, prostitution, slavery, smoking, and alcohol.o Majorly they wanted more freedom.o Forces of emperor fought all in the rebelliono Destroyed South Eastern Chinao In Guangdong region 20-100 million died form Died from battle, disease, or starvation. Europeans intervenedo Pull Factors Money- High paying wages- America pays very good wages compared to China Golden Mountain2- California gold rush 1848o Gold was found in Sacramento, CAo Word reached San Francisco and it became a ghost towno A few months later, word reached the East coasto In 1849 “the 49ers”o When Chinese were told about it, they thought that California was just a giant mountain of gold “golden mountain”o Return migration•Chinese weren’t interested in staying in America. They wanted to go to America, make alot of money and return to China where they would be a millionaire for the rest of their lives. With thismoney they could rise above many of the circumstances which they went to America in the first place.Ex poverty, hunger, moving out of the flood zones, etc.•Chinese families lived with each other. Including the extended family (aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents.)•They were patriarchic so the oldest male would go to California make some money and come back to China. •They would return multiple times to do this.•It would eventually improve their family’s status. Chinatowns were basically big bachelor pads because only the men would come. This created a ‘Bachelor Society Chinese family structure- Patriarchic- Confucianism- Return multiple times- Family improvement Lew family- Lew Git went to America and sent money back to China. The oldest son spent all they money and got into debt. Father was never able to return to China Their idea was to go to America, make a lot of money, and return to China Chinese family everyone lived together The eldest male was in charge he would choose someone to go to America and bring money. They would return multiple times. Family would move away from bad area and be wealthy in Chinao Chinese go to California Biggest port in CA was San Francisco When Chinese arrive, they don’t have a lot of money are stuck Stayed among themselves- Ethnic enclaves- “Chinatowns” Americans made them a target because of color of skin. They knew they wouldn’t make friends with the WASPs No go on gold- Chinese try gold fields. They do well because they worked all day. Made a profit. White miners became jealous. Pressured California government to pass laws3o Prohibited them from owning land they could find gold on.- “yellow price” o When exchanging gold for dollar bills, people paid the Chinese less- California government prohibited Chinese from working in gold fields- For other gold strikes in the West, you needed heavy equipment. White mining companied didn’t trust the Chinese to use machinery. They hired Chinese to do “feminine work” washing clothes, cooking, etc. Railroad- 1862 – Transcontinental Railroad- San Francisco has low unemployment rate only people looking for work were the Chineseo Leland Stanford wanted to hire Chinese for to work on the railroad- Chinese worked well – didn’t mind the heavy labor because it was good moneyo Laid 12 miles of track in 12 hours- Chinese were accepted in the railroad communities (unlike the mining communities) Migrant
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