AMH2097 Final Exam Study Guide:Germans“German” Unification - Largest immigration to the US- Come in under different city states controlled by prince of king- Everyone speaks different form of German, have different cultural values, different religion- Unification was in 1871Pennsylvania Dutch- Referred to themselves as Doitch- The land in Pennsylvania is open to everyoneo All religions as long as White, Saxon, Protestanto Not Angloo Assimilate pretty quickly because they are skilled/hard workersLutheran- Religion similar to Protestant, 1/3 of the population who came in during the First WaveRevolutions of 1848- Affected the upper classConscription Laws - Men have to fight for their rights, homeland, but one sometimes doesn’t want to do it because they’re afraid to die- Reasons why they came to the US- their rights are being taken away and they don’t feel appreciatedIndustrial Revolution (know for all groups)- Process of turning craftsmen (paid a lot) into unskilled workers in a factory- Break their skill up into small little things that anyone could figure out how to doPotato Blight- Potato famine due to diseaseGottfried Duden (1829)- Biggest propaganda- Writes booklet about how fabulous America is- Particularly talks about Midwesto Ohio, Indiana o Land, weather reminds him of German lando There are no WASPso Need money and a railroado Sell all the land around the railroads for free“German Triangle” - Cincinnati, Milwaukee, St. Louis- Where upper and middle class residedLower East Side, NYC- Where lower class residedBeer and Pianos- Upper and middle class- Beer Master: person who knows how to make beer- Pianos: bring manufacturing and tuning – USA entertainment at the time- Try to grow same crops as the ones they grew in Germany- Try to bring technology to AmericaSocial Clubs- Lower class- A way to keep their culture alive- Very different variety, based on class, religion, and original location- Usually meet at barsParochial Schools- Schools set up by the Germans- Same religion and just for Germans- Private schools- Used so that children couldn’t assimilate to AmericansGerman Newspapers- About their original country- In their native language- NOT assimilation because they know nothing about what is going on in AmericaModel Immigrants- Tell immigrants that they are coming to America to be like the Germans - Shouldn’t be doing this- Saying that money is excellent and so are positive stereotypesWorld War I and II- WWI begins in 1941 – Germans know about it in America because they are reading the newspaper- USA is “quarted” by the Germans and English to tip the balance of who will wino British begin lying to us to get us to go with them.Propaganda – Yellow Journalism- British printed lies on purpose- They posted propaganda posters so that people would hate the Germans- Called the Germans “huns”- Germans depicted as Blacks, Apes- Called them baby killers (cabbobs)- Slowly take side with the British and move toward being against the Germans- Tips balance and British/Americans win war against Germans“Pumped Up Patriotism”- The US reaction – everyone is patriotic- We stopped using anything that is linked to Germans or German Americanso Stopped using piano, German beer, bum books, burn the newspapers- “Spies” just found out that the Germans have a newspaperHyper – Assimilation- German-American response- Changing of name, businesses, putting kids in public schools, becoming Protestant- They do this so that they can prove that they are American first and German second- Does in fact workThe Alien Registration Act of 1940- 300,000 people- Only for Germans NOT German-Americans- “Any alien has to register”o Alien Enemy Registration Card (green card)- Put in place before America was at warInternment- 11,000 people- Jail some Germans because they are seen as enemies- They are forced to be interned in their own camps until war was overJewish AmericansJerusalem (Israel)- Religious center (main temple), their homeland- “God’s chosen people”- Romans had control over all Jewso Allowed to practice religiono Nationality: follow Roman traditions until they begin fighting with the Jewso Roman sack temple and destroy it, expelling all Jews from IsraelJewish Diaspora – 70 AD- After Romans sacked and expelled all Jews- Jews spread throughout the world- Forced migrationo Towards Russia, China, India, Africa, EnglandAnti-Semitism- Hatred by Christians Stereotype of “Killers of Christ”- Christians believe that Jews are the killers of Christ because when the Romans arrested him, they asked the Jews what they should do to him and the Jews said to crucify him- Caused him to die- Reason why anything bad happened to any ProtestantSmite- God brought on Great Depression- God is smiting own people because allowed Jews to be successful- Black plague o 1/3 people in Europe died. Jews only ones that didn’t die. Jews had to wash and bathe skin- GospelsTorah/Talmud- Toraho History of Jewish people, beginning with Genesis- Talmudo Scholarly books that interpret the Torah.o Guidelines of how you’re supposed to practice your religiono Breaks up the 10 commandmentso Questions on faith/practiceKosher- Food cute by someone particular/deli- Separation of meat and dairy- Meat and milk could never be mixedSynagogue- Never see a cross- Men could sit but behind walls - Women could standSabbath Day- Friday at sundown until Saturday- They’re going to want to work Sunday, main reason for coming to workUsury - Making interest off of a loanStereotype: “Taking Over the World”- Charging interest off Christian suffering- Smite German Jews - Very small population in Pennsylvania and New York- Come as FAMILIES- Immigrated because of their ability to practice religion without being persecuted- Middle class mostlyBankers- NYCPeddlers- Settled in Midwest- Travelling salesman – go community to community selling their goods- Small shop keepers – traveling storeLevi Strauss, Sears Roebuck, Macy’s- Quality goods for cheap prices maybe goes into department stores – work their way up- Macy’s – largest chain department storeReform Judaism- Opposite of Orthodox- Begin in Germany in early 1800’s - Modernization and assimilation into dominant cultureo Jewish faith – Torah/Talmudo Say that all traditions are extreme- What they change:o Dress like everyone elseo Not going to practice Koshero Language: German in Germany and English in Englando Equality of sexes o Change
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