AMH2097 Final Exam Study GuideImmigration from “Germany” Not Homogenous Introduction1. Largest immigration to the US2. No such thing a “Germany” or “German”a. City state (Difference Language, culture, and religion)b. Unification in 18713. Immigration in All Waves4. Diverse group w/ many city statesGerman Stereotypes1. Myth of “Pennsylvania Dutch”2. White3. Protestant (Saxon)4. Skilled/Hard workers (Everything they make is quality)a. True for all? NO5. Easy for them to Assimilatea. Bring white picket fence, beer, burgers, hot dogs, pretzels, Apple pie, Santa ClauseThe First Wave1. Germans Immigration as large families2. Who came?a. Largest Group – 6 Million from 1820-1914b. Diverse Groupi. Religions – Catholic, Lutheran, and Jewsii. Classes – Money? (Stereotypically have money)iii. Singles and Families1. Poor Males/Wealthy Family 3. What made them leave?a. Political (Upper Class)i. Revolutions of 1848 1. Civil wars in Germany end with the death of many royal families as other royal families battle to take over land. ii. Conscription laws1. Creation of draft laws makes the wealthy want to leave to avoid themb. Economic (Middle Class)i. Industrial Revolution1. Process of turning craftsmen into unskilled work in a factory2. Lose jobs so head to the US where industrialization has yet to begina. Leads to the creation of Pianos and Beer in Americaii. Potato Blight (Effects lower class as well)1. People cannot eat as there are no potato’s so they are starving and need workiii. Taxes1. Government uniting causing taxes to rise significantlyc. Religion (Effects all)i. Catholicism and Judaism are suffering 19 th Century Immigration 1. Why did they come to the US? – Land!a. Gottfried Duden (1829) – Sells America for them (The Midwest in particular)i. Railroad/land Developing takes skilled workersii. Germans ride the railroad (Sell the land to them for almost nothing)b. Jobsi. As industrialization was taking place in Germany, the US had not yet started this therefore they still had a place for skilled workersc. Speaking mostly to upper and middle classes2. Locationa. Settled based on Religion/Classb. From a town based on their German townsi. All move to the same areas3. Upper/Middle Classa. Mid-west-ethnic enclavesb. “German Triangle” Cincinnati, Milwaukee, St. Louis (3 Points to the triangle)i. Create one of the largest ethnic enclaves ever4. Lower Classa. Lower east side, NYC (Near Chinatown, 5 points, etc.)b. Boston (Southie) German American Life1. Upper/Middle Classa. Farmingb. Beer and Piano Manufacturingi. Beer Master (Taster/Maker)ii. Manufacturing (Create a factory and Assembly Line)1. Middle class job, but needs crops which are grown by the upper classiii. Center of entertainment industry1. Steinway Pianos2. Lower Class (Assimilate)a. Factoriesi. Stereotyped as hardworking, skilled, etc. So Germans always got the best jobsavailableii. Attempt to move to other Germans in Mid-westb. Social Clubs (For the Germans)i. Divided up by German’s religion/location of origin3. Both Groups set up:a. Parochial Schools (Religious based schools)i. Used to maintain cultureb. Newspapers (German)i. Printed in German about GermanyModel Immigrants1. Definition of Model Immigrantsa. Tell all immigrants that they should be just like the Germans, but this is badi. Germans coming in large #’s and not assimilatingb. Germans should not be model immigrants20 th Century WWI 1. World War Ia. Germany 1st involvedb. War stalemated, so Britain and Germany attempted to persuade the US to fightc. British began lying about Germans2. Propaganda Yellow Journalisma. Calling German’s Blackb. Image of Apesc. Call them huns and brutes3. US Reactiona. Pumped up patriotismi. Everything is everyone in front of US Flag and being obsessed w/ the USAii. Leads to the US halting German Purchasesb. Violence against German-Americansi. Destroying Factories and Pianosii. Destroying Printing Plantsiii. Lynching and harming themc. German American Response (Works Well)i. Hyper Assimilation (Assimilated rapidly)1. Changing of German names and cultures rapidly to AmericanWWII1. Hitler/Nazi Germanya. Expecting war, so attempt to persuade the US how bad Hitler isb. They also attempt to rid the Government of Hitlerc. Begin volunteering for British Armed forcesd. Focus Americans hatred on Adolf Hitler instead of Germany2. The Alien Registration Act of 1940 – 300,000 Germansa. Alien Enemy Registration Card3. Internment – 11,000 jailed4. Post war elected German president Dwight Eisenhower5. 58 Million Today (17%)6. Assimilation or Acculturation7. Ethnic EnclavesThe Jews (Ethnicity by US and Others)German Jews and Ashkenazic JewsImmigration1. What makes them unique?a. Ethnicity by religionb. 1000s of years of historyc. Everyone despises them2. Homeland of international peoplea. Jerusalem (Israel) Capital and Religious Center; Main templei. Their promised landii. Never lived autonomously (On their own)b. Romei. Did not like arrangement and begin fighting themii. Destroy the temple and expel the Jews from Israelc. Jewish Diaspora (70 AD)i. After destruction, Jews live elsewhere in known worldii. Always a minority and disliked/untrustedd. Over the next 1000 years, they live under a Christian majorityProblems with Jews/Judaism or Stereotypes1. Hated by Christians Anti-Semitism (Anti-Jewish)2. Religiona. Killers of Christ (Jesus arrested by Romans because Jews said so)i. Gospels1. Decide he does not need to be crucified2. Jews ask to crucify twice and that is why Christians believe they are the “Killers of Christ”ii. Smite1. They believe God is punishing them for letting Jews live amongst thema. The Black Plague (1/3 of all people die)i. Jews “Prospered” during the plague because they bathed, but the Christians did not understand that this was whyiii. Jewish faith –Torah/Talmud1. History of Jewish people/Scholars interpretation of Torahiv. Jewish Traditions1. Dress Dressed a particular way and did not change (Un-assimilate-able because of physical appearance)2. Eating Habits – koshera. How to prep for dinner and the way they eatb. How they kill what they eat and animals they eati. No meat and milk3. Languagea. Spoke language of country and Hebrewb. Third language (Yiddish) Jews Slang4. Synagogue a. No cross, stained glass, etc. b. Segregated by seating although not all of them were like this5. Sabbath Day (Sunday)a. Begin sundown Friday and ends
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