Race and Ethnicity in the United States9/28Kirchendeutschen – church schoolsVereinsdeutschen – societies, clubs, fraternitiesModel Immigrants?- Racially similar- Most had money- PA Dutch stereotypeso Hardworking, honest, industrious, protestant, middle class- Large numbers, 6 million- Location- They are against assimilating*As the 19th century ends German immigrants are less and less favored as a groupWorld War I- German Americans ¼ of the population- Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire vs. Britain, France, Russia- Public Opiniono Germans v. English within the U.S. o People in America were actively supporting their opinion- Woodrow Wilsono Pro-British, openly takes their sideo Shapes public opiniono Hyphenates Groups of American immigrants who decide to go by “German Immigrants” and such He says these people are a problem Largely anti German 1914-1918Anti German Campaigns APL = American Protective League Attorney general instituted a voluntary detective force, 200,000 strong they convey any information to the justice department for people that were ‘dis-loyal’o They never found anything Almost 6,000 people were held in an internment camp in fort ovalthorpe GA People were banning speaking and teaching German language Libraries will openly burn and destroy books that have German content German people were lynched After the war these things were determined unconstitutional Robert Prager – charged and sentenced with disloyalty to the U.S dragged barefooted from his home by a mob of people. Forced to carry a German flag.o Rescued by the police to protect him from jailo Mob broke into jailo Policeman did not stop mob from taking him, but escorted him outside of city lines to lynch him. All of this hysteria rapidly died after the warWorld War II 23,000 interned based on nationality or political affiliation Not was bad for Germans as WWI Why?o There is a common enemy – Nazi’sReview Stereotypes of PA Dutch carried over to 19th C German immigrants Worked hard to preserve culture, language, and community Largest anti-German sentiment during WWINEW SECTIONGerman Immigrants Homestead Act of 1862o Gave 160 acres to anyone in the west with 5 years to develop the land Bacon Letterso Germans who wrote home to family and friends often talked of the meat they ate, showed wealthiness Diversityo Prevented overall unificationo Example of coming unification: vereinsdeutschenIrish and German Immigrantso Money makes all the differenceo Push/pull factorso Why were they good or not good immigrant groups?o StereotypesThe Immigrants in Holland, Michigano 17th century migrationo 1820-1900: 340,000o Peaked 1830-1845English attack and conquer New Netherland and rename it NY after King James IIPush and Pull Factorso Push Factorso High taxes/low wageso Religious conflict DRC = Dutch reformed church; the national church of the Netherlandso Pull Factorso Abundance of Lando Religious freedom RCA = reformed church, Albertus Van Raalte, foundero Oct. 2, 1846 Raalte and 53 other Dutch immigrants head to the U.S they arrive in NY, head to Wisconsin, but end up in Detroit because of the harsh winter. They settled in Holland,
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